Stashing of black

After analyzing such numbers it is a matter of utter importance to the Indian Government to thrive Black money to generate the capital which in term helps India progress. Stashing of black money abroad then encourages people to engage in illicit trade and siphoning of public resources. Thus due to lack of capital the government is forced to concentrate development in urban areas. Rural areas again further remain undeveloped.When a large amount Of black money is generated the people owning it engage in drug trade to gain loads of money and finance terrorism to physically overpower the authorities through terrorism. The Ministry of The Overseas Affairs can help its best by ring to sign more agreements such as Tax Information Exchange Agreements with more and more countries. India has already signed this agreement with 13 countries such as the Bermuda, The British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands to name a few.Through these agreements the Government of India has been trying to inte rcept the flow of Indian black money through these countries through fake banks which exist only on paper. Signing more such agreements will allow India join the global crusade against black money and will help the government intercept more black money and prevent illicit trade and terrorism financing in India.

School’s Registration System Thesis

Until now, several schools were note introduce in computer technologies and its efferent systems that's why the proponents decided to develop their school registration system that will help them to organize a student's information instantly. Amazing Grace Academy-Tagging Inc. Was the chosen beneficiary of the proponents. It was founded on 2005 by Pastor Monies Battle and run by his wife Principal Arlene Bat Ill The Christian school was built by pastors of different churches because of their passion about teaching children of Christian gospels and also beyond it.So they decided to build a school that will help one's child intelligence and knowledge about Christian gospels. Then, they created a Christian school named Jesus the Lord and Savior – Foundational Learning Center. As time pass by, it was developed and renamed as Amazing Grace Academy-Tagging Inc. Currently, this school was continually accepting and molding young generation through academic excellence and moral values. Background of the Study The proponents discovered several difficulties about their existing system.It is experiencing different complications through organizing, managing and sorting data by doing it manually. It also consumes a lot of time and effort to reach specific student's information in order for them to edit and add information. Faculty teachers spend a lot of time by writing every students information to their record book as their verification that the students were officially enrolled in Amazing Grace Academy – Tagging Inc. Fortunately, by the concern of the proponents, a new and improved system will be created. This will help them to manage several students' information easily and in a quickest way.It will also lessen the time and effort to document all of the student's information to be their record as their official dents. Admit can easily find, edit and add student's information by searching the student's number, name, section or students school level, and other information of the student using computers owned by the school. Admit can also determine if the student, were transferred from other school, their medical records and school records. Furthermore, the admit can verify an official student by having a registration form in each student.Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework The act Of recording data or information Of a certain person is called registration. Registering is very useful in recording information for us to know the fact about the person. Usually something is registered to claim more rights, or to protect ownership, or because the law says it must be registered to be used legally. It was use in Births, Deaths and marriages to prove the date and the event happened, in Motor vehicles to prove who owns the vehicle and to identify them and in Books to show the date when copyright protection starts.It was also created to fight crimes. To turn back to 1760 is to realize just how much the world has changed since Load's Register was founded. At that time the sailing ship was the only reliable and speedy form of transport and the steam engine's full potential was only just being developed. Industrialization of the western world had not yet accelerated to encourage the wide-spread exploitation of natural resources such as oil and gas, and the nuclear and jet ages were not even envisaged.The Society for the Registry of Shipping was set up in 1760 by customers of Edward Load's Coffee House in Lombard Street, London. The aim was to give merchants and underwriters recorded information on the quality of their vessels. The Register Book listed vessels rated, or classed, after the condition Of their hulls and equipment had been surveyed. The subscriptions generated by the Register Book paid for the surveyors to carry out the work. This was the true beginning of classification and the Society was the world's first classification society.With its base in one of the world's leading manufacturing nations, the expertise and reputation of Load's Register became attractive to many organizations overseas eager to have assurance on the quality of goods being produced in and shipped from the UK. The First World War brought further opportunities to demonstrate the effectiveness of inspection as means to provide an assurance of quality, from shell steel made for the French, to copper pipes and other products made for shipping in the USA.By 1934 surveyors were inspecting ten million cubic feet of cold storage, not just in the UK but in places such as Antwerp and Basal, Leopoldville and Mated in the Congo, and Singapore. During the Second World War the demands of war accelerated the pace Of change in shipping and industry and Load's Register helped validate many of the innovations. Reconstruction work following the war allowed Load's Register to gradually revive its activities overseas. The mid-shoos saw a long boom in shipping with many new challenges as shipping and shipbuilding influence shifted towards the east.Load's Register saw remarkable growth of its non-marine operations. In the decades following 1960, Load's Register facilitated change as the shipping boom contain due. Ships became ever larger and centralization changed the world by revolutionize the flow of goods. The oil crisis of the early sass led to a deep depression in shipping, but Load's Register rode the tort through its involvement with the expanding energy industry and offshore business, led by the pioneering development for extraction of oil and gas under the North Sea.There followed another difficult period as shipping scarcely grew in terms of tonnage until 1990. At the same time the offshore industry suffered from a collapse in oil prices. Nevertheless, Load's Register strengthened its position in Asia, diversified its offshore operations around the world and consolidated its position as the leading classification society for passenger ships and liquefied natural gas (LONG) carriers. One of the most striking developments was the success of Load's Register Quality Assurance (LIRA), a management systems business established in 1985.A consultancy-based rail business was first considered in the early 1 sass and Load's Register Rail was formed in 1996. Real growth began only a decade later as governments around the world invested massive sums in major rail projects from the Netherlands to Dublin and Taiwan. In the past decade, Load's Register has undergone a cultural transformation to ensure greater financial and commercial awareness. The organization mutinous to grow and serve client needs, remaining competitive in a rapidly changing world.On 2 July 201 2, Load's Register converted its status from an industrial and provident society to a company limited by shares, called Load's Register Group Limited. The shares in Load's Register Group Limited are owned by a new parent, Load's Register Foundation, a registered charity. Scope and Limitations The proponents are in the process of creating Am azing Grace Academy – Tagging Inc. Registration System which allows the user to add, edit, save and record the student's information. It holds a large amount of different dent's information. This stores different information for a long period of time.The user can instantly look for the student's information by using the search engine. Lastly, it is able to print the summary report Of the information of different students. Restrictions were discovered by the proponents while creating their School's Registration System. They discovered that the administrator of the school is merely capable of accessing the School's Registration System and design for the students and staff of Amazing Grace Academy – Tagging Inc. The user is capable of accessing the system by using the application given by the represents.If the user misspelled his/her password while typing, he/she is able to attempt three (3) times to access the School's Registration System. While the user is accessing the system, he/she is allowed to register students from nursery level to grade 6 levels. Finally, the Registration System is merely capable of accessing for Windows 7 and Windows 8. Statement of the Problem Based on the proponents, the general problems Of the study are the following. 1 . What are the software and hardware requirements for the School's Registration System? 2. How many information of the students will be stored n the proponent's system? . How does the proponent's system will improve the work of the user? 4. How does the developed system can maintain every records of the student? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Significance of the Study This study will be significant to the main users of the Amazing Grace Academy – Tagging Inc. It will help them to process a large amount of students information in a faster and accurate way. At the same time, a bunch Of students can accommodate conveniently. Personnel who are assigned to register different information of the students can also aim the convenience aired by the proponent's system.Despite the fact that it can bring convenience to the users; it minimizes the time and effort of the users to register a lot of essential information. This study can also provide ideas to the researchers regarding with proponent's study in understandable way. This will serves as a fresh ground for the researchers who study will be related in the field of Computer Science. Furthermore, it helps the ability of the proponents on how to build a comprehensible computerized system. This will provide them as a challenge to do a better system.

Protecting Interest Of The Minority Shareholders

In Asian countries including Bangladesh, the controlling ownership of public listed companies are dominated by some families. The problem of minority exploitation may arise when the ownership is highly concentrated in any specific group, especially family ownership. One of the consequences of this is the expropriation of minority shareholder rights. Apart from family control another limitation of principles of corporate law is the principle of majority rule, sometimes called the â€Å"supremacy of majority† rule.Those who invested more in the company bear a greater risk in the event of a business failure, but simultaneously they have a greater degree of control over the company. There is certainly a risk that the majority will take advantage of the minority and that a company will be run at the expense of the minority shareholders. Any decision of Annual general meeting (AGM) adapted by majority vote and directors are appointed and may be removed from the office at any time by a simple majority at the general meeting.Thus, the directors are motivated to act in the best interests of the majority who appointed them and who may remove them. Minority shareholder rights expropriation occurred when family ownership directed cash to their own benefit, inefficient projects and connected lending to relatives and friends rather than return it in dividends to minority shareholders. Other expropriation can take the form of profit reallocation, assets misuse, transfer pricing, sell below the market price departments or parts of the firm to other firms that major shareholders own, or acquisition of other firms that major shareholders own at a premium.The majority shareholders treats the company as his own, and acts accordingly, to the detriment of the other shareholders, or where there is a breakdown in the relationship of the shareholders or any of their number, which gives rise to questions about the future ownership and control of the Company. On the other hand, wh ere a single or small number of shareholders hold a substantial block of shares in the company, say, in excess of 25% of the voting rights, securing managerial accountability to the shareholders or at least to the controlling shareholders through the traditional governance mechanisms of company law can dominate the company.In some situation, the ‘non-controlling’ shareholders may collectively hold more voting shares than the ‘controlling’ shareholders. However, if the non-controlling shares are widely dispersed, effective control of the company will lie in the hands of the block-holder, even if that block consists of less than 50% of the voting shares. The shareholder providing the majority of the capital may sometimes not control the company.In such a case the majority shareholder is effectively in a minority position with regard to the exercising of controlling rights. The emergence of such a situations are the principal/agent problem between the controll ing shareholders and the non-controlling ‘minority’ shareholders. The corporate management law and policy must have protection of interest of the minority shareholders. The general purpose of minority protection instruments is to prevent the abuse of power by the major shareholders.There is not an easy solution, to the problem, since the principle of majority rule, in company law and other rules of regulators. It is a long established principle of corporate law that the regulators and courts should not intervene in business decisions due to the nonintervention policy or internal management principle. There is no statutory law of anywhere contains a definition of the minority or majority shareholder. The distinguishing factor between the two is the degree of control over the corporation.The number of shares owned is not  decisive, even a shareholder owning a majority of shares may be a minority shareholder, if other shareholders are well organized and, thus, control th e company. The company must follow the principles ‘partnership’ and consultation aims at balancing the interest between major and minor shareholders, and usually do not infringe minorities rights through guaranteeing at least the following minority rights such as respect of opinion of major shareholders toward minorities, the right of minorities to be heard on regard of business matters and exit rights.The limited Liability Companies, which are, in practical terms, run, as if they were a partnership, between the persons who are shareholders of same, might be regarded by the law, as â€Å"quasi partnership†. The OECD principles on Corporate Governance (2004) provide that: Shareholders, including institutional shareholders, should be allowed to consult with each other on issues concerning their basic shareholder rights as defined in the Principles, subject to exceptions to prevent abuse.The protection comes from better legal protection, stronger structure of the in ternal control mechanisms and more efficient capital markets and market for corporate control. One of the methods to ensure the minority rights is to follow good Corporate Governance principles because there exists a relation between the level of protection of minority shareholders and incorporation of good practices of Corporate Governance. The separation of ownership and control in corporations with dispersed ownership structure highlights the agency issue due to conflict between agents (directors) and principals (shareholders).Due to a different agency problem that arises on account of the conflict between dominant and minority shareholders. The minority shareholders can be empowered by ensuring control over the management and board of directors. The board of directors are accountable to the shareholders as a class is to make it easy for the shareholders to convene meetings to consider the removal of directors, evaluate the board’s performance and remove directors of whom they disapprove.The minority shareholders are afforded the remedies if the majority shareholders, violate a personal right of a minority shareholder, then he can file a personal action against the wrongdoers to rectify such a violation of the articles of association of the Company or of the terms of any shareholder agreement etc. With increasing instances of corporate fraud around the world, another remedy is provisions for class action suits. Class action is a law suit brought by one or more individuals on behalf of a large group of people who have the same complaint.In certain circumstances, minority shareholders may bring a common law derivative action, on behalf of the company, against the wrongdoers, who committed a wrong to the company. Wrongdoers can be shareholders and directors of the company, as well as third parties. In order to be able to proceed with a derivative action at common law, the minority shareholders must have legal options to persuade the courts, that the com pany’s decisions by majority shareholders are not to pursue a remedy for the wrong done to the company which amounts to a â€Å"fraud on the minority† .Another Statutory remedy is of petition to winding up of the company on a just and equitable ground. There is hearsay that few sponsors / families are responsible for share scams causing huge loss of small investors. Security exchange commission (SEC) has such views with perceived experiences of two share market debacles and issued a notification on November 22, 2011 imposing conditions that all sponsors / promoters and directors of a listed company shall jointly hold minimum 30% share of paid up capital of the company. Moreover, each director shall hold minimum 2% of the paid up capital.In case of vacancy of anyone holding 5% share shall be entitled to be directors. The publicly listed companies have usually 15 directors and they will hold 75% of the share and voting rights of the company. This means the companies will gradually go under control of few limited persons who have capacity of investment of sufficient amount. SEC has in mind that, mandatory provision of higher shares will prevent such future stock market debacle. But as per investigation report of Mr Khondaker Ibrahim Khaled, accepted by all, there are many organizations including SEC are jointly responsible for disaster in stock market.The public companies are controlled by few families and the directors are ‘elected’ from same family by rotation and under full control of families. They retire due to compulsion of retirements as per law. Small shareholders are awarded a gift pack and nominal dividends in AGM and have no say against the decision of these controlling families. Companies go for public share to generate fund for investments but shall fail to generate fund with higher investments of sponsors and directors.The over investment of sponsors / directors will not bring sufficient share in the market and the market will remain at the present status of low investment. India has totally different legal framework to safeguard interest of small investors. Indian Companies Act 2013 under section -151. A listed company may have one director elected by such small shareholders in such manner and with such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. For the purposes of this section â€Å"small shareholders† means a shareholder holding shares of nominal value of not more than twenty thousand rupees or such other sum as may be prescribed.There is no policy of a designated directorship of choice of minority shareholder nor there do any provision to control, appoint or remove any director. The global law and policy is to protect the rights of minority shareholders but in contrary Bangladesh SEC make legal provision of make the minority shareholder marginalized and have no option to exercise their rights due to majority rule and lose their voice. The decision of higher investment of directors is not g ood for stock market and should be amended to find way out to safeguard interest of minor shareholders from the proven experience of other markets. Protecting interest of the minority Shareholders In Asian countries including Bangladesh, the controlling ownership of public listed companies are dominated by some families. The problem of minority exploitation may arise when the ownership is highly concentrated in any specific group, especially family ownership. One of the consequences of this is the expropriation of minority shareholder rights.Apart from family control another limitation of principles of corporate law is the principle of majority rule, sometimes called the â€Å"supremacy of majority† rule. Those who invested more in the company bear a greater risk in the event of a business failure, but simultaneously they have a greater degree of control over the company. There is certainly a risk that the majority will take advantage of the minority and that a company will be run at the expense of the minority shareholders.Any decision of Annual general meeting (AGM) adapted by majority vote and directors are appointed and may be removed from the office at any time by a simple majority at the general meeting. Thus, the directors are motivated to act in the best interests of the majority who appointed them and who may remove them.Minority shareholder rights expropriation occurred when family ownership directed cash to their own benefit, inefficient projects and connected lending to relatives and friends rather than return it in dividends to minority shareholders. Other expropriation can take the form of profit  reallocation, assets misuse, transfer pricing, sell below the market price departments or parts of the firm to other firms that major shareholders own, or acquisition of other firms that major shareholders own at a premium. The majority shareholders treats the company as his own, and acts accordingly, to the detriment of the other shareholders, or where there is a breakdown in the relationship of the shareholders or any of their number, which gives rise to questions about the future ownership and control of the Company.On the other hand, where a single or small number of shareholders hold a substantial block of shares in the company, say, in excess of 25% of the voting rights, securing managerial accountability to the shareholders or at least to the controlling shareholders through the traditional governance mechanisms of company law can dominate the company. In some situation, the ‘non-controlling’ shareholders may collectively hold more voting shares than the ‘controlling’ shareholders. However, if the non-controlling shares are widely dispersed, effective control of the company will lie in the hands of the block-holder, even if that block consists of less than 50% of the voting shares.The shareholder providing the majority of the capital may sometimes not control the company. In such a case the majority shareholder is effectively in a minority position with regard to the exercising of controlling rights. The emergence of such a situations are the principal/agent problem between the contr olling shareholders and the non-controlling ‘minority’ shareholders.The corporate management law and policy must have protection of interest of the minority shareholders. The general purpose of minority protection instruments is to prevent the abuse of power by the major shareholders. There is not an easy solution, to the problem, since the principle of majority rule, in company law and other rules of regulators. It is a long established principle of corporate law that the regulators and courts should not intervene in business decisions due to the nonintervention policy or internal management principle.There is no statutory law of anywhere contains a definition of the minority or majority shareholder. The distinguishing factor between the two is the degree of control over the corporation. The number of shares owned is not  decisive, even a shareholder owning a majority of shares may be a minority shareholder, if other shareholders are well organized and, thus, control the company.The company must follow the principles ‘partnership’ and consultation aims at balancing the interest between major and minor shareholders, and usually do not infringe minorities rights through guaranteeing at least the following minority rights such as respect of opinion of major shareholders toward minorities, the right of minorities to be heard on regard of business matters and exit rights. The limited Liability Companies, which are, in practical terms, run, as if they were a partnership, between the persons who are shareholders of same, might be regarded by the law, as â€Å"quasi partnership†.The OECD principles on Corporate Governance (2004) provide that: Shareholders, including institutional shareholders, should be allowed to consult with each other on issues concerning their basic shareholder rights as defined in the Principles, subject to exceptions to prevent abuse.The protection comes from better legal protection, stronger structure of the internal control mechanisms and more efficient capital markets and market for corporate control. One of the methods to ensure the minority rights is to follow good Corporate Governance principles because there exists a relation between the level of protection of minority shareholders and incorporation of good practices of Corporate Governance.The separation of ownership and control in corporations with dispersed ownership structure highlights the agency issue due to conflict between agents (directors) and principals (shareholders). Due to a different agency problem that arises on account of the conflict between dominant and minority shareholders. The minority shareholders can be empowered by ensuring control over the management and board of directors. The board of directors are accountable to the shareholders as a class is to make it easy for the shareholders to convene meetings to consider the removal of directors, evaluate the board’s performance and remove directors of who m they  disapprove.The minority shareholders are afforded the remedies if the majority shareholders, violate a personal right of a minority shareholder, then he can file a personal action against the wrongdoers to rectify such a violation of the articles of association of the Company or of the terms of any shareholder agreement etc. With increasing instances of corporate fraud around the world, another remedy is provisions for class action suits. Class action is a law suit brought by one or more individuals on behalf of a large group of people who have the same complaint. In certain circumstances, minority shareholders may bring a common law derivative action, on behalf of the company, against the wrongdoers, who committed a wrong to the company.Wrongdoers can be shareholders and directors of the company, as well as third parties. In order to be able to proceed with a derivative action at common law, the minority shareholders must have legal options to persuade the courts, that th e company’s decisions by majority shareholders are not to pursue a remedy for the wrong done to the company which amounts to a â€Å"fraud on the minority† . Another Statutory remedy is of petition to winding up of the company on a just and equitable ground. There is hearsay that few sponsors / families are responsible for share scams causing huge loss of small investors.Security exchange commission (SEC) has such views with perceived experiences of two share market debacles and issued a notification on November 22, 2011 imposing conditions that all sponsors / promoters and directors of a listed company shall jointly hold minimum 30% share of paid up capital of the company. Moreover, each director shall hold minimum 2% of the paid up capital. In case of vacancy of anyone holding 5% share shall be entitled to be directors. The publicly listed companies have usually 15 directors and they will hold 75% of the share and voting rights of the company.This means the companies will gradually go under control of few limited persons who have capacity of investment of sufficient amount. SEC has in mind that, mandatory provision of higher shares will prevent such future stock market debacle. But as per investigation report of Mr Khondaker Ibrahim Khaled, accepted by all, there are many organizations including SEC are jointly responsible for disaster in stock market.The public companies are controlled by few families and the directors are ‘elected’ from same family by rotation and under full control of families. They retire due to compulsion of retirements as per law. Small shareholders are awarded a gift pack and nominal dividends in AGM and have no say against the decision of these controlling families. Companies go for public share to generate fund for investments but shall fail to generate fund with higher investments of sponsors and directors. The over investment of sponsors / directors will not bring sufficient share in the market and the m arket will remain at the present status of low investment.India has totally different legal framework to safeguard interest of small investors. Indian Companies Act 2013 under section -151. A listed company may have one director elected by such small shareholders in such manner and with such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. For the purposes of this section â€Å"small shareholders† means a shareholder holding shares of nominal value of not more than twenty thousand rupees or such other sum as may be prescribed.There is no policy of a designated directorship of choice of minority shareholder nor there do any provision to control, appoint or remove any director. The global law and policy is to protect the rights of minority shareholders but in contrary Bangladesh SEC make legal provision of make the minority shareholder marginalized and have no option to exercise their rights due to majority rule and lose their voice.The decision of higher investment of directors is n ot good for stock market and should be amended to find way out to safeguard interest of minor shareholders from the proven experience of other markets.

U.S History 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

U.S History 1 - Essay Example After Columbus’ discovery of the New World, the entry of the wide variety of globally acclaimed luxury commodities in the European markets through the sea route stopped the earlier market of the luxury goods that was prevailing. The pre-existing German and Italian trading powers were ousted by the Atlantic trade. There had been social changes in the European luxury markets as the new luxury items like chinaware, silk, spices and sugar made their entry. During the Age of Discovery, Western Europe has been had become the Economic Center for the European Union shifting from the Mediterranean. At that time the city of Antwerp, which was a part of Duchy of Barabant, was considered to be Europe’s richest city and also center of the international economy. During the Age of Discovery, the religious sentiments, gave rise to the discoveries at this age. It was seen that while the Islamic community was expanding its horizon, the Western Christendom was getting destroyed. European Union became vulnerable and they feared to be attacked by infidel East. It was also agreed and known by the Europeans that the Far East was highly rich and luxurious. If we take a deeper look into these discoveries, we find the similarities with the Crusaders prevailed during the 12th and 13th centuries. The main effort in spreading the belief of Christianity among the New World residents was mainly started by the Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery. The Catholic Church also took the initiative of converting the indigenous people as well as the Native Americans. Portugal, France and Spain were the three countries that put the colonial efforts in forming the European powers, majority of which was the missionary effort and gave a partial justification for the same. Catholic nations’ colonial efforts and indigenous people’s Christian Mission ran in parallel. Moreover, Dominicans, Jesuits, Franciscans

Nursing Care Reflexive Practice Personal Statement

Nursing Care Reflexive Practice - Personal Statement Example Sometimes we just need somebody to talk to so that we can unload what has been bothering us. Once, I have gained her trust then she can tell me more personal things -- things that may have a direct or indirect relation to what caused or is causing her illness. It is an established fact that cases of abuse in the home, school or workplace has been discovered due to the incident reports, record keeping, and even private journals of nurses. The primary requisite to become a confidant is to win the patients trust. FHCHS has observed that "for a patient to disclose private or embarrassing details about their physical or mental condition, they need to first trust that their nurse will treat them with dignity and respect." Knowing my role and what I have to achieve, I had to act within the indeterminate time that I have been given. There is no certainty how long Ms. Smith will be staying in the hospital so I had to act immediately. The first task is to break the ice between us. This proved to be quite difficult because of her unresponsiveness. I tried to spend more time in her room to check on her, straighten her beddings, move the curtains to allow a patch of sunlight in the mornings, at times just to say "hi!" or to ask if she needed anything. I had even gotten into the habit of passing by the minute I started my rounds and even at the end of my shift. I had hoped that this would break the ice. But nothing happened. I tried to make a connection through the visitors that came. But even when she saw that her family and I were in good terms, she still remained unresponsive. Her family welcomed my sincerity and advice. They would even call or pass by during my break hours to just talk. For me, these talks gave me a deeper understanding of Jane. I felt relieved to find out from her relatives that she was just reserved because she was the cautious type and not because she was judgmental of other persons. I also found out that we shared certain commonalities that I know co uld be points of conversation that can make our friendship work if she just reaches out. She made the first move today. Today she smiled as I entered her room. I smiled back and instantly knew that things were going to be different. As I straightened the covers of her bed, she asked that I sit next to her. I cracked a joke to keep the happy atmosphere afloat. Perhaps she just wanted to say farewell since the Consultant has given approval for her to go home. I was surprised that she suddenly opened up. She had started to tell me of her situation at home. But as sudden as she started she also suddenly clammed up when the ward nurse asked for my assistance. I excused myself for I had to first see to the task at hand. I tried to finish fixing the beddings in the ward as fast as I could so that I can continue with my conversation with Jane. I was excited to go see her again hoping that I have finally gained her trust. But when I came into the room, she was again reserved. I tried to coax a conversation out of her by again starting a joke but she did not respond to that. It appears I have lost the momentum. I lost the opportunity to be a friend, to be a confidant and to help her emotionally. I felt so sad because I know that I could have helped her. My feeling

In report format, prepare a Marketing Mix for the product or service Essay

In report format, prepare a Marketing Mix for the product or service on which you based assignment one. The Marketing Mix you de - Essay Example This research will be divided into sections each explaining how the case product has been placed for marketing. Product segmentation, targeting and position The term segmentation basically implies that there is grouping of potential buyers and customers in different categories (Masterson & Pickton, 2010; 88). By segmentation it will enable the Dell Company to actually place the potential buyers into different groups and therefore each group will perceive maximum value of the laptop differently from the others. In my segmentation of the Dell Laptop we can have for example three categories that will be the target market of the Dell products. The first group will be under homogeneity meaning that the particular segment the group will be having the same common needs when it comes to the Dell laptop. Under this group the Dell laptop that the group needs will be the basic ones with medium capacity hard disk, wide screen, long lasting battery and user friendly navigation on the laptop and o n top of all these features, the laptop will be relatively cheaper. The second group we can refer to them as the distinction group, under this group it can be made up of the higher end market of the consumers so that they are unique group of people as compared to the other members and potential buyers. Case in point will be the business fraternity and the upper class therefore for the Dell Company, the laptop in this range will be high end in terms of the needs for instance the business market would want a very fast laptop filled with more business features. With all these features the general outlook of the Dell laptop will have to be above par with the finishing being custom made in order to suit the potential consumer needs (Richter, 2012;44). The last group will be mainly be classified under the reaction group, this means that the target customers under this segment will consist of the buyers who have a similar response to a product in the market. The target will mostly consist of the youths who are mostly technologically savvy and would love to own the latest gadgets which include laptops and this is where the Dell laptop will come into focus as a gadget that the youths will fall in love with. Therefore the price will be worth the features that will be on the laptop (Mcdonald, 2007; 121). The main impact of all this will be to ensure that every potential buyer has been catered. Marketing mix and its relation to the target consumers can be summed up with the diagram below: Product Consideration With the Dell laptop, it is expected for the laptop to embrace all characteristics of service performance meant to create importance and value to the laptop itself and therefore enable it to sell to the potential buyers (Mcloughlin, & Aaker, 2010;67). It is expected by each design that the Dell laptop has will be a key factor to the key needs of the buyers. The technology in place of the Dell laptop will be expected to be of high end and furthermore very useful to t he consumers who will be using the product (Dibb, & Simkin, 1999; 78). The design should be made with the mindset that the significance of the Dell laptop will come from the usefulness it has to the potential buyers. Furthermore the Dell laptop will come with value added services and this will include warranties to ensure that the laptop can last the given time period and with the warranty the potential

Westerhoff Book Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Westerhoff Book Critique - Assignment Example (Westerhoff 1994, ix) The ideas presented in the book are logical, simple, and realistic where the professor uses a lot of examples and related life stories to explain his point. Rev. Dr. John Westerhoff, III taught at Harvard and Duke University Divinity School and was also part of the ministry first at the United Church of Christ in Needham, MA, and later became a priest in the Episcopal Church. (Bramer 2009) The professor is an author of a number of books already which are also about faith and spirituality. Spiritual Formation focuses on how living a spiritual life affects preaching and teaching in our time and the issues concerning them. In the same way that we cannot give what we do not have, the professor said in his book that the best teachers and preachers he has known were persons who taught and preached out of the depths of their own life experiences. (Westerhoff 1994, 32) Most educators I know do believe that experience is indeed the best teacher. I guess I can say they were also very good at their profession. Yet teaching and preaching in the light of spiritual formation is not achievable by the mentor alone. One word that links the sender (the preacher or the teacher) and the receiver (students and other recipients) is the word â€Å"learning†. Learning is a two way process. It involves not only the participation, but also first of all the interest, more so the willingness to learn of the student. As the professor out it in his book introduction, â€Å"Today, spiritua l formation is a major concern of faculty and students† (Westerhoff 1994, ix). He also quoted Nouwen that â€Å"someone must be willing to let his or her life be a resource for the other’s learning; and if there is any truth, it will break in from the outside and illuminate both the teacher and the learner.† (Westerhoff 1994, 41) In this process both teacher and student learn and in this sense, Westerhoff added that the learner needs to be

Christianty paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christianty - Research Paper Example However, before one learns to accept Jesus, they may have been living in the ways of darkness. Jesus is the word, and him who receives the word in the Bible recognizes Jesus. This comes by learning the work of God and believing in that word. That word defines the character of a believer of Jesus and the followers of earthly possessions. As followers of Jesus Christians are expected to forsake the desires of the flesh and uphold the fruits of the Holy Spirit (Johnson 224). The practice may occur gradually as one gets to learn and understand the virtues of a Christian. For example, in his childhood Mark grew in an affluent background where he never lacked anything of substance in his life. However, some of his neighbors and friends grew in immense poverty where even the basic things seemed a luxury to them. Mark was so proud and looked down upon his friends. He treated them with a lot of contempt. Although he was born in a Christian family, Mark never took religion with a seriousness it deserved. His pride surpassed even the customs practices because he never respected even his elders. He could blatantly talk about his beautiful items such as clothes, shoes and other luxurious items that were in his possession. He bragged about his father’s wealth just to demean his colleagues. His friends felt envious of him and always listened to his boastful stories. More often he could pick a quarrel with anyone over anything only to warn his counterpart of the repercussions they would suffer if they dared touch him. He never forgave anyone he had argue d with even he knew he was in the wrong. He always desired to avenge against his colleagues (Witherington 72). Nevertheless, Christianity emphasizes on forgiveness and forbid anyone from taking revenge against the wrongs done by others (Clapper 41). Some of his friends were very kind and forgiving, so they always tried to talk to him and request him to humble himself. Some of his friends were very

Assignment #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

#1 - Assignment Example In addition, the efforts put by the government during the period also made citizens appreciate institutions in general. The article is of the assumption that since the terrorist attack the society perception of the social circles and institutions has never changed. In the article The Strange Disappearance of Civil America, the American population is created with an image that depicts its ignorance on social relationships. Different from ancient American social setting, the modern day society do not value the significance of creating social relationships. Putman acknowledges this trend to numerous factors that derail persons from participating in social activities (2). For instance, the author cites the increased role of women, economic constraints, family acquaintances and technologically based distractions. According to Putman the trend is growing (10). Children are more inclined to television and other technological advances thus ignoring the importance of social circles. With society preferences changing to suit more personal needs, the traditional social setting would never be embraced by the modern

Buddism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Buddism - Essay Example The quest of a Prince, confined to the four walls of the Palace, to know the truth in life, gave to the world the great philosophy and world religion or way of life known as BUDDHISM. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha, or the Enlightened One. Siddhartha Gautama, the great warrior Prince, was born around 566 BC in Lumbini (formerly in North India). Even when he was an infant a seer predicted that Siddhartha would become either a great King or an ‘enlightened one’. The king, fearful of losing his son and heir to the kingdom, confined him to the Palace. During his three attempts to encounter with the realities that lay outside the walls of the Palace, Prince Siddhartha saw a sick man, an old woman and a decaying corpse and a wandering holy man. This created unrest within him and he realized that there is something beyond the human life, beyond the physical existence. He realized that all men have to undergo all these four stages and not just in one life but life after life. While the Palace was sleeping, one night he escaped leaving his wife and child, and the luxuries of the Palace, in search of the truth. This was the first step towards attaining ‘bodha’. In search of the truth Siddhartha travelled across the country, from one saint to the other. At each step he did release one layer of negativity from within but was still not able to attain the truth. He realized that neither a the life penance and ascetic practices nor a life full of luxuries could reach him there. He discovered what is now called the ‘middle path’ to attain enlightenment. He remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the seasons plowing, and he had fallen into a naturally concentrated and focused state in which time seemed to stand still, and which was blissful and refreshing (Wikipedia). He sat down under a large

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay In modern financial economics, one of the most essential constructions , which plays a significant role in financing strategy, is efficient market hypothesis (henceforth EMH). Despite the fact that its first theoretical formulation, which was founded by Paul Samuelson in 1960s, is almost five decades old, numerous academic studies have been conducted about it (Alajbeg, Bubas Sonje, 2012). According to Alajbeg et al. (2012), in the middle of 1960s market efficiency was defined by Samuelson as the existence of a complete competition in a market, albeit under an assumption that all participants have equally the same opportunity to access the available information. Furthermore, Fama (1965) cited in Alajbeg et al. (2012) attempts to show the EMH empirically. This essay will try to critically debate all the forms of efficiency and give sensible evidence why most of the forms seem to be illogical in the current economic situations. It will start by introducing how to recognise efficiency and what are the forms of the EMH, following by testing each form in today’s economic circumstances with presenting coherent arguments. Damodaran (2001) points out that market efficiency is distinguished by three different measurements. First is considering the amount and the distance of diverting price from real value in the market. The second measure is by looking at the pace and the quantity of adapting prices to new information which come to the market. Finally, it is measured by determining the possibility of usual gaining higher profits by some investors in the market while they may expose the same rate of risk that other investors reveal. Generally, economists have divided the EMH into three main forms based on the type of the information reflected in security prices. The first type of the EMH is weak form. In this form of efficiency, the only information depending on is the past prices information. However, any other available stock information seems to be invaluable in these markets. As Hillier, Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe Jordan (2010) state no information, apart from the historical prices, is relied on by the investors in the weak form efficiency. In the light of this, a capital market is considered to be w eakly efficient when it contains price information about the past share prices. Hillier et al. (2010) also confirm that predating strategy is unlikely to be able to produce returns in the market operations. Put another way, information for future is not predicted in this form of efficiency. This seems to be a possible reason why these markets are called weak efficiency. The second type of the market efficiency is semi-strong form. According to Ross, Westerfield Jordan (1993), the semi-strong efficiency is the most controversial form among all the three forms. From this perspective, Ross et al. (1993) mention the reason why this form in the markets is more controversial than the other forms is that it warns an expert, who analysis financial information in order to find mis-priced stock, to not waste time in analysing some possibly useless information, for instance, financial statement information because this information is already included in the current stock prices. Brealey, Myers Allen (2011) maintain that in these markets, prices rapidly incorporate whole publicly available information, such as last quarters earning declaration, a proposal of unifying other companies and an unfamiliar matter of stock. In the light of this finding, it can be said that the semi-stro ng market efficiency rely on both historical and public information at the same time (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Strong form efficiency is the final form of efficiency. Ross et al. (1993) emphasise all types of information, either public or private, are more likely to be incorporated in the stock market prices when the market is efficiently strong. Additionally, in this kind of market, it is impossible to determine any incomparable investors who are able continually to vanquish the market (Brealey et al., 2011). Expressed differently, strong competition is highly considered among the investors of the strong market efficiency. Therefore, the crucial investors may not be able to keep their high position in the long-term. According to Brealey et al. (2011), since Maurice Kendall published his controversial paper in 1953 on the behavior of stock prices, a significant amount of financial research has been done to test the EMH. In the light of that background information, both supporting and disapproval evidence has extended to each of the three forms weak, semi-strong and strong. Firstly, in order to test the weak form of this hypothesis, Brealey et al. (2011) evaluate the profitability of some trading rules which is utilised by investors who seek to determine patterns in security prices. Hillier et al. (2010) claim although the share price movements are random, investors tend to notice patterns. However, the existence of patterns in the past price data, which is the main information in weak form efficiency, seems to be unreal, according to Hillier et al. (2010). As an example, Hillier et al. (2010) illustrate the participation between Shell transport and Royal Dutch Petroleum, which randomness is highly predicted instead of pattern in their stock price. Then Brealey et al. (2011:352) demonstrate ‘‘since both companies participated in the same underlying cash flows in 2005, it would be expected the stock prices to have moved in exact lockstep, while the real price of the tow shares sometimes diverged substantially’’. Therefore, Hillier et al. (2010) confirm that the security choices based on patterns of historical price changes would not be as acceptable as random choice. As a consequence of this evidence, it can be assumed that the weak form efficiency seems to be a meaningful form in the new economic environment. Secondly, in examining the semi-strong efficiency, the speed of reacting security prices towards announcements is measured (Brealey et al., 2011). According to this form of efficiency, previous price information would not have any influence on present actual return because this form implies that in an efficient market, historical information has merely reflected in the current prices (Hillier et al., 2010). Whereas, in many empirical cases past information impacts on stock prices. For example, Hillier et al. (2010) highlight the global credit crisis of 2008 which firstly started only from the British bank Northern Rock. Then it slowly continued and cover some other banks, such as, Bear Stearn, the US investment bank, HBOS and Lehmann Brothers. Hillier et al. (2010) also state that it had not stopped unless the short selling would have been temporarily avoided by the US and UK governments. From the light of this empirical circumstance, the semi-strong efficiency is probably no longer a sensible form in todays economy because the standard test requirement, which economists follow , may not be reflected in it. Finally, In terms of testing the strong form efficiency, Brealey et al. (2008) point out that the performance of the managers in the markets is depended on. Hillier et al. (2010) imply that it is more likely to profit from a personal information which the other investors do not have in the market, whilst in the strong efficient market it is unlikely to be profited from this information by their owners. Further to this, Brealey et al. (2011) claims that it is probably more common that a particular manager in a market, who is more clever than the others, could make superior profits. This seems to be an appropriate evidence against the EMH in the case of strong form. Similarly, Damondaran (2001) points out that some investors can earn more profit than the others whilst they have the same chance of risk. Brealey et al. (2011) take a large sample of the US companies in order to test the proportion of annual profits among them from 1926 to 2008. Brealey et al. (2011:349) prove ‘‘since 1926 the stock of the firms with the lowest market capitalizations have performed substantially better than those with the highest capitalizations’’. In the same way, Alajbeg et al. (2012) criticise the EMH because of the effectiveness of some anomalies in the market, for example, January effect, weekend effect and momentum effect. As a result of the aforementioned arguments, it can be argued that the strong market efficiency does not make sense in the current economic situations because of the possibility of out-performance in the market. In addition, the EMH has faced many criticisms. For example, Brealey et al. (2011) mention a stock market bubble in property prices in the US. In a way, the price has almost doubled by 2005. Nevertheless, the EMH considers that prices always equal to the values inside the efficient markets (Brealey et al., 2011). This can also be noticed as an evidence against the EMH. In conclusion, the participants mostly try to exploit each single discovered mis-pricing in the stock market. This competition results in market efficiency (Brealey et al., 2008). There are three forms of efficiency: weak, semi-strong and strong. The weak form efficiency seems to be significant in todays economy because it considers that prices are random and that is proved in the empirical situations. However, the strong form is generally considered to be meaningless because of the out-performance which can be executed by some investors. Similarly, the semi-strong form may be seen as an insensible form of the EMH in the current economy. This form is unlikely to provide the common test demands when it tests to find how rapidly prices respond to the new information. Furthermore, there are many debates about the EMH in empirical situations because of occurring some bubbles and crisis. Apparently, there are considerable arguments about market efficiency along the history of the capital market. Nonetheless, financial market efficiency is constantly under debate. In other words, it is still a challenging issue in the current financial economics (Alajbeg et al., 2012). References: * Alejbeg, D., Bubas, Z. And Sonje, V. (2012)The efficient market hypothesis: problems with interpretations of empirical tests. Financial Theory and Practice. Available at: http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk (Accessed at 17th August 2012). * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2011) Principles of Corporate Finance (global edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2008) Principles of Corporate Finance (nine edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Damodaran, A. (2001) Corporate Finance: theory and practice. Second edition. United States. John Willey Sons, Inc. * Hillier, D., Ross, S., Westerfield, R., Jaffe, J. And Jordan, B. (2010) Corporate Finance. Mcraw-Hill. * Ross, S., Westerfield, R. And Jordan, B. (1993) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (second edition). Boston. Irwin Inc.

Football game Essay Example for Free

Football game Essay The crowd sat on the edge, waiting impatiently for the next pass, the next tackle. This intense game had both teams fighting for control of the ball, struggling to score the next touchdown. The crowd was alive with concentration, which was then immediately interrupted by deafening cheers as soon as their team scored. As a fan, football from my perspective has always been a phenomenal sport that creates an intense, fun, and lively social atmosphere. It gives a chance for friends and family to bond over cheering their team on, while jokingly trash talking others in a casual manner. At a particular Eagles vs. Cowboys game I attended last year, this experience is exactly what I received. The lights, the screams, and the smell of delicious food all served to create a fun event. The highlight of the night, however, was when quarterback Michael Vick got hit extremely hard in the back field. It should have been a late hit but no whistles were blown. The crowd was immediately silenced by the sudden knockout. No one had expected such a hard hit. We fans craned our neck desperately trying to get a better view of what was going on. I remember being completely in awe of the violent nature of football that was revealed to me that night. I was surprised to find that such a dangerous game was even being encouraged to play! But there was one thing that was undeniable for sure— that hit was one moment I would surely never forget. From that game on, I always continued to follow the events and highlights of football. The league put out a lot of new rules for the NFL, to ensure the safety of its players. One of these rules was that a defenseless player cannot be tackled. So for example, if a receiver goes up for the ball, he cannot be tackled in the air. Another rule is the helmet to helmet tackle. A defender is not allowed to make a hit on a player, making contact from his helmet to the defenders. This can result in a serious concussion, and for long time purposes, the players can develop brain damage. To also make the game safer, kickoffs are now issued on the 30 yard line opposed to the traditional 20 yard line. This makes the return possibility very low, because the kick usually ends up deep in the end zone. This new rule change enforced on the kickoffs also accounts of less injuries, because it is one less play being executed. Special rules for quarterbacks have also been placed. Quarterbacks are looked at as the captains of their team. They know the offense’s strengths and weaknesses the best so they can make the right calls in the right situation. These players cannot be injured whatsoever, because of their impact on the game. That is why new rules, such as late tackles, are being enforced on defenders that try to scare the quarterbacks. When the new rules first came out, I supported and respected the fact that they were concerned about the player’s safety. The scientific discoveries about head trauma and mental illness made sense to me, and protecting the players from it seemed like a great idea. Soon the rules were being strictly enforced in the pros. When my friend and I went to the Cowboys and Eagles game, one of the first things that happened was a foul called for hitting helmets with a player. I approved of the call, it seemed fair. But out of the corner of my eye, I saw my friend shaking his head and say under his breath, â€Å"Man, football just isn’t the same anymore. † I shrugged it off— it wasn’t my fault he wasn’t enjoying the game. But later that night, his words tossed around in my head. Something did seem different about that game. But what exactly did he mean by not being the same? This question led me to reminisce back to earlier that game, when Vick first got late hit in the back field. The one thing I was certain of was that the beauty of the sport was created by the suspense of the game.

Sewage Treatment Plant Power Generation

Sewage Treatment Plant Power Generation Answer 1: Sewage treatment plants could be a power house of the future. Sewage contains a number of diverse chemical compounds which can be with the help of microbes converted to useful commodities. The proposed sewage plant is as under. The waste water sludge of the plant is where a microbiologist is interested in to utilize the components of the sludge and modify them microbiologically. For the correct type of fermentation we first of all need the microbes which operate in the same environment and produce the desired products. For this the sampling of the microbes from the sludge is the first step. After sampling they will be isolated with the help of biochemical tests based on the characteristic property we want to utilize. Here in this case we can grow;  Ã‚   Methanogens Hydrogen gas producers Organic compound synthesizers Heavy metal detoxifiers Safe effluent water Sludge as manure Microbial Pathways: Methanogenesis: The microbes usually found for methane gas production are Methanosarcina, they have the enzyme machinery suitable for the methane gas production. Hydrogen Gas Producers: (Sikora, BÅ‚aszczyk et al. 2013) The pathway responsible for the hydrogen gas production has been shown in red. Lactic acid bacteria have been found to produce hydrogen in the consortium. Organic compounds synthesis: (Peralta-Yahya, Zhang et al. 2012) Biofuels such as butanol is one of the many organic compounds which can be synthesized using the sludge as the feed of the microbes (Revellame, Hernandez et al. 2012). Heavy metal detoxifiers: (Gregoire and Poulain 2014) Microbes like this phototrophic organism exemplified here are a very valuable source for detoxification of water from heavy metals. Analytical tests: Analysis accompanying processes and analytical monitoring of quality parameter: Industrial water treatment: fresh water and industrial water treatment, condensate and feed water treatment, e.g. analytical monitoring of decarbonization, coagulation, reverse osmosis, desalination, ion exchanger; Power generation plants and steam generators: monitoring of water-steam circulations according to statutory regulations (VGB and VdTÃÅ"V), ultrapure water analysis, flue gas desulphurization, REA-plaster (according to VGB-M 701); Cooling circuits: cooling water treatment, cooling water conditioning, microbiological testing in cooling circuits; Waste water treatment: waste water declaration analysis, control of waste water discharges according to statutory regulations, supervision of biological waste water treatment plants; Drinking water analysis, hot water systems (chemically, physical-chemically, microbiologically): drinking water treatment, distribution networks, installation of in-house water systems, water pipe releases; Ground water analysis: ground water purification plant, ground water gauge networks, landfill leachates; Check of measuring devices by means of on-site laboratory testing and control testing with portable testing facilities; Development of customer-specific solutions and standards for measuring devices; Waste and residue analysis: declaration analysis relating to the landfill (LAGA-regulations, TA Abfall), declaration analysis for the reassembly at the chemical site Leuna; Composition of foulings in industrial plants. (Lubello, Gori et al. 2004) Parameter of water and waste water analysis pH-value electrical conductivity temperature redox potential oxygen coloration clouding hardness (total- carbonate- and noncarbonate hardness) acid and base capacity permanganate index ((MBAS) particle size distribution carbon compounds (TOC, DOC, TIC) calcite saturation according to DEV C10-R3 nitrogen compounds (TNB biochemical oxygen demand (5 days) chemical oxygen demand ammonium chloride nitrate[i] sulfate nitrite bromate sulfide sulfite fluoride settleable solids filtrate dry residue test filtratable solids anionic surfactants silicic acid cyanide easily purgeable iron (total, dissolved, Fe II) hydrazine total phosphor free chlorine orthophosphate phenol index lipophilic substances nitrification inhibition depletion test biodegradability (Zahn-Wellens-test) suspended solids References: Grà ©goire, D. S. and A. Poulain (2014). A little bit of light goes a long way: the role of phototrophs on mercury cycling. Metallomics 6(3): 396-407. Lubello, C., et al. (2004). Municipal-treated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation. Water Research 38(12): 2939-2947. Peralta-Yahya, P. P., et al. (2012). Microbial engineering for the production of advanced biofuels. Nature 488(7411): 320-328. Revellame, E. D., et al. (2012). Lipid storage compounds in raw activated sludge microorganisms for biofuels and oleochemicals production. RSC Advances 2(5): 2015-2031. Sikora, A., et al. (2013). Lactic Acid Bacteria in Hydrogen-Producing Consortia: On Purpose or by Coincidence?. Describe the entire process for bioinformatics analysis? Metagenomic analysis of the sludge needs to be done for isolating the useful bacteria and reusing them for the treatment plant. Moreover when this treated water is subjected to reuse then it is necessary to confirm that the disease causing resistant microbes are not present in the water. First of all the sampling of the sewage needs to be done for micro floral determination. On the basis of biochemical tests the microbes are isolated. For methanogens for example test kits are available article number 01110015 of Vermicon VIT ® Methanogenic bacteria; can be used. For hydrogen gas determination fermentation in an airtight container and sampling the overhead air for hydrogen presence is done(Oh, Park et al. 2003). Same goes for the organic synthesis and the enzyme production(Ausec, Zakrzewski et al. 2011). Phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria e.g. methanogens (Anderson, Ulrich et al. 2009)and others will be done. Their evolutionary characteristics and the genes involved in the biochemical pathway would be studied. For this 16s RNA sequencing will be done and phylogenetic trees will be constructed. This gives us the insight of the microbial pathways and helps us in improving the strains during strain construction and increasing the efficiency of the industrial processes. After genetics next step is the proteome analysis of the microbes, this is done in metaproteomics, this provides us the functional gene expression information (Schneider and Riedel 2010). As we are using these microbes for useful purposes and commodity generation, therefore we need to have a better understanding whether the genes present in the microbe are functional or not because we have to manipulate them later on. For this purpose 2D gels would be run and the proteins separated can be analyzed by first identifying the sequences, then comparing them with databases. On obtaining the protein information we can easily identify the functional genes of the microbial genome (Wilmes, Wexler et al. 2008). The useful proteins are the enzymes of the biochemical pathways who are the key players in the product generation. Till here the useful or the productive part of the project has been discussed now the effluent safety needs to be ensured as microbes resistant to the conventional disinfectants need to be identified. (Chao, Ma et al. 2013). For this the resistant genes analysis through metagenome study would be done. References Anderson, I., et al. (2009). Genomic characterization of methanomicrobiales reveals three classes of methanogens. PloS one 4(6): e5797. Ausec, L., et al. (2011). Bioinformatic analysis reveals high diversity of bacterial genes for laccase-like enzymes. PloS one 6(10): e25724. Chao, Y., et al. (2013). Metagenomic analysis reveals significant changes of microbial compositions and protective functions during drinking water treatment. Scientific reports 3. Oh, Y.-K., et al. (2003). Isolation of Hydrogen-producing Bacteria from Granular Sludge of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 8(1): 54-57. Schneider, T. and K. Riedel (2010). Environmental proteomics: analysis of structure and function of microbial communities. Proteomics 10(4): 785-798. Wilmes, P., et al. (2008). Metaproteomics provides functional insight into activated sludge wastewater treatment. PloS one 3(3): e1778.

Vimy Ridge :: essays research papers

Shock and Awe, 1917 Gary Graves, CBC News Online | April 9, 2003 We may marvel at the firepower of the hundreds of missiles and smart bombs used in U.S. attacks on Iraq, but an overwhelming battlefield fusillade creating shock and awe is not a new idea. In fact, Canadian soldiers fighting in the First World War were pioneers of the tactic. Click for map Source: National Archives It was at Vimy Ridge, a strategic 14-kilometre long escarpment that overlooks the Douai plain of France. German occupying troops controlled the ridge using a network of trenches that snaked along the crest and down into the valley, connecting with another network of natural caves. 150,000 French and British soldiers had died trying to take it back. Allied commanders believed the ridge to be impregnable. But the Canadians had a plan, the first battle strategy for this new nation's commanders to conceive and execute on their own. Even military "experts" of the time admitted dubiously that the Canadians' plan couldn't be any worse than the British tactics at the Somme, which cost 24,000 Canadian casualties. So the Canadian army – all four divisions, totalling 100,000 men – got the go-ahead. The ground assault had been planned meticulously for months. Full-scale replicas of the Vimy terrain were built to rehearse unit commanders on what to expect both from the enemy and from Canadian units on either side. Canadian spotters had identified and mapped about 80 per cent of the German gun positions. Five kilometres of tunnels were dug in order to move Canadian troops and ammunition up to the front without their being seen by German observers. And for a couple of weeks leading up to the battle, Canadian and British artillery pounded the Germans with 2,500 tons of ammunition per day. At 5:30 in the morning on Easter Monday, April 9, 1917, the assault began. It was raining. It was freezing cold. And it began with a huge artillery barrage†¦ shock and awe 1917-style. Canadians under fire at Vimy Source: National Archives Over 1,100 cannons of various descriptions, from British heavy naval guns mounted on railway cars miles behind the battlefield, to portable field artillery pieces dragged into place by horses, mules or soldiers just behind the Canadian lines, fired continuously – in some cases until they exhausted their ammunition. The Canadian battle plan was simple: the withering barrage provided a screen for the Canadian troops to hide behind.

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

â€Å"Introduction to Frankenstein† The ethical debate concerning biotechnological exploration into genetic cloning has created a monster in itself. A multitude of ethical questions arises when considering the effect of creating a genetically engineered human being. Does man or science have the right to create life through unnatural means? Should morality dictate these technological advancements and their effects on society? The questions and concerns are infinite, but so to are the curiosities, which continue to perpetuate the advancement of biotechnological science. In order to contemplate the effects that science can have on our society we can look back in history and literature to uncover the potentiality of our future endeavors. From a historic perspective, the ethical concerns about atomic fusion serves as an important cautionary guide. In its conception the prospect was for the betterment of man however the result may eventually bring our demise with the eminent threat of nuclear warfare. In literature, Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† serves as a bioethical exhortation for today’s technological advances in genetic cloning. Mary Shelly’s â€Å"Frankenstein† provides a clear distinction between the theoretical grandeur of man’s ability to scientifically produce life and the stark reality, which it encompasses. Mary prophetically illustrates some of the potential hazards of breaking through the barrier that separates man from God. Her insight allows the reader to trace these repercussions through Victor Frankenstein, the monster, and eventually society. The character of Victor Frankenstein illustrates the path of destruction scientists can create when ignoring their moral community. Individuals, who possess good ambition for knowledge, power, self-perfection, and strength in one’s society, are vulnerable to their own delusions and instability, to corruption, fate, and nature. Victor was so impassioned with his life’s work that he had lost all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit (Shelley 32). Frankenstein’s blinding ambition prevented him from seeing the potential consequences of his actions until it was to late. The first sign of Victor’s fatal flaw of egotism in that he has forgotten the bond he has with nature and to the people he loves. â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me† (Shelley 32). His absence of moral judgments is the catalyst for what becomes the demise of the creature, society and ironically himself. It would be years before Victor fully realized that his neglect of moral obligation to the creature and society had unleashed a hideous monster that would eventually destroy his society as revenge for the monster’s sense of abandonment.

Marriage in 18th Century Europe Essays -- European History

Marriage in 18th Century Europe The major movement regarding marriage in the eighteenth century was from church to state. Marital laws and customs, once administered and governed by the church, increasingly came to be controlled by legislators who passed many laws restricting the circumstances and legality of marriages. These restrictions tended to represent the interests of the wealthy and uphold patriarchal tradition. Backlash to these restrictions produced a number of undesirable practices, including promiscuity, wife-sale, and divorce. Before the eighteenth century, marriage was far less complicated. Verbal consent and consumation constituted legal marriage: "once the knot was tied by such verbal exchanges it could not be undone: a valid marriage was technically indissoluble. Such vows could be made, moreover, by boys the age of fourteen and girls of twelve" (Outhwaite xiii). The laws that began to be passed in the 1700's were decidedly un-religious, designed mostly to protect patriarchy and wealth. Much of the marriage laws passed during this period reflect the prevailing opinion of women as childlike, frivolous, and simpleminded. As Rousseau put it, "little girls always dislike learning to read and write, but they are always ready to learn to sew." Custom made man "undisputed lord of the home" (Murstein 220) and laws were passed to solidify this position: "Upon marriage, husband and wife became one- and that one was the man. Her land became his, as did her debts." The structure of eighteenth century society made this necessary, especially for the lower classes; a family's income would be totally based on the earning power of the man. Thus, logic dictated that he control all the finances. Even so, some of the l... ...who could not afford several licences, and a big wedding or dowry. "Fleet marriages" were very common in the first half of the eighteenth century. These were marriages performed by "defrocked and disreputable" ministers for cash, often through the bars of a debtors prison on Fleet street. One such minister was so successful that "in the same one-year period that he performed 6000 marriages, only fifty regular contracts were solemnized in the neighboring St. Annes's church. Although this practice was banned by the Marriage Act of 1753, it just goes to show that marriage and love cannot be regulated by monetary concerns. Works Cited Murstein, Bernard I. Love, Sex, and Marriage Through the Ages. ???? Outhwaite, R.B. Clandestine Marriage in England 1560-1850. Hambledon Press, NY: 1995. Stone, Lawrence. Road to Divorce Oxford University Press, Oxford: l990.

Summary of New Economic Model

Current per capita annual income US $7,000 equal to ARMS, 100 and through this model government want to improve per capita annual Income to CUSS 5000 equal to ARMS, 500. Second principle which Is commitment to sustainability not only In the country' s economic activities but also the Impact of economic development on the country' s environment and precious natural resources. The third principle which is inclusiveness was a key prerequisite for fostering a sense of belonging and engagement in the New Economic Model. No one was left out in intriguing and sharing the creation of wealth of our country.All Malaysian must contributed and benefited from economic growth must be a fundamental element of any new economic approach. Dates Series Nasal Tune Raze said that to build a truly prosperous Malaysian must be open to change. The MEN will narrow the gap between those In the bottom 40% of socio-economic scale and others within a reasonable time frame. It Is to help the lowest-income group t o take advantage of the opportunities to secure better jobs, raise productivity and dabble in entrepreneurial ventures and other economic activities that will boost their income.The benefit of a high income economy include higher purchasing power and better quality of life, encompassing among others, quality healthcare and social support. Means that with high wages can attract people to purchase more and it will lead and move our economic growth. Public will have opportunity to access the Jobs, contracts and license based on merit and effort. It will reduce blabs and discrimination among others. Besides that, Dates Series Ninja has set out timeline for the rolling out the New as follow:Between now and June, feedback, comments and suggestion would be collected by National Economic Advisory Council (NECK) secretariat and submitted to the Prime Minister office. On June 2010, Ninja is expected to disclose the 10th Malaysia Plan and how the MEN together with any possible modifications fi ts into the overall programmer. Based on this, NECK would then move into the second phase of its work where the council will then draw up the implementation process. The budget in October will cover the first year of the 10th Malaysia Plan and continued implementation MEN.Dates Series Ninja was highlighted 8 strategies in New Economic Model which are: Re-energize the private sector to lead growth, developing a quality workforce and reducing dependency on foreign labor, creating a competitive domestic economy, strengthening the public sector, putting in place transparent and market-friendly affirmative action, building knowledge based infrastructure, enhancing the sources of growth and ensuring sustainability of growth. Based on comment from MAC Presidents, Dates Series Dry. Chug OSI Leek, he expressed that the renewed the affirmative action would be merit and need-based, transparent ND market friendly.Besides that, he said that quality education and enhancing the skills of Malaysian were important components to add the value to the various sectors of the country's economy. New sources of revenue needed to be developed of our countries to achieved high income status and catch up with countries like South Korea and China. Living environment, security, access to quality education and transparent government policies were important considerations. Based on report by NECK, they identified four strengths that Malaysia could build on to move forward.The four strengths are the country ‘s good infrastructure includes extensive network of roads connecting air and sea ports, sanitation and communication. Strong manufacturing sector and Malaysia ‘s position as a world class manufacturer contributed over 30% of national output by sass. Electrical and electronics made up the bulk of the manufacturing sector and related supply, logistic and service industries. Malaysia strategic location in the heart of a vibrant region and its cultural, ethnic and biological dive rsity and high growth of region was another factor in attracting investment to build transportation and logistics hubs.Diversity of culture, ethnicity, languages and religions like Malay, Chinese, Indian, Melange, Biddy's, Islam, Christian, Buddha, and Hindu enabled a society to leverage the best of each group's intrinsic skills and traits for the good of the society as a whole. The rich and unique relationships in many countries. The problem of Malaysia now is currently stuck in a middle income trap. Without new niches and strategic reform plans, many countries have been unable to break out of the middle income categories. Another weakness is the government's controlled rising systems and subsidies which resulted in resource misapplications.Prices are constantly rising and making subsidies and price controlled can increased the cost of government. About 50% of talented Malaysian live and work outside the country and their education up to tertiary level. As a conclusion, Malaysia no w move forwards to high capacity of income with MEN and all Malaysian should contributed in order to enhance and moving up our economic growth. We must work together to ensure our next generation will get the better quality of life. Muhammad Azure bin Abdul Wabash [email  protected] Com

Nursing Home Aims and Objectives

It is the objective of the Nursing Home to provide care to all service users to a standard of excellence which embraces fundamental principles of good care practice, and that this may be witnessed and evaluated through practice, conduct and control of quality care in the home. It is a fundamental ethos that those service users who live in the home should be able to do so in accordance with the homes Statement of Values. It is the objective of the home that all service users shall live in a clean and safe environment and be treated with respect and sensitivity to their individual needs and abilities.Staff will be responsive to the individual needs of service users and will provide the appropriate degree of care to assure the highest possible quality of life within the home. To meet the client's needs the care service within the home is designed to achieve the following objectives: To deliver a service of the highest quality that will improve and sustain the service users overall quali ty of life. In this respect the care service is designed to meet the requirements of a recognised accredited quality standard, but in a people oriented fashion.To ensure that the care service is delivered is flexibility, attentively, and in a non discriminatory fashion while respecting each service user's right to independence, privacy, dignity, fulfilment, and the rights to make informed choices and to take risks. To ensure that each service user's needs and values are respected in matters of religion, culture, race or ethnic origin, sexuality and sexual orientation, political affiliation, marital status, parenthood and disabilities or impairments.To ensure that the care service in the whole is delivered in accordance with agreed contracts of care. To manage and implement a formal programme of staff planning, selection, recruitment, training and personal development to enable service user care needs to be met. To manage the care service efficiently and effectively to make the best use of resources and to maximise value for money for the service user. To ensure all service users receive written information on the home's procedure for handling complaints, comments and compliments and how to use it.

Uncle Tom’s Impact on 19th Century America

For slaves, the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 ensured their doom in the perpetual cruelty of the slave market. This Act protected the rights of slaveholders, requiring – by law – that all slaves who escaped to the North be returned to their original owners. This action by the United States government contributed significantly to the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The novel was the first of its kind to express and fully embrace the idea that slavery should not be condoned. At the time this text was published, many Northerners took the pacifist approach by simply accepting the idea that â€Å"one person couldn’t change anything†, like St. Clare in the novel. Once this book was introduced to the Northern population, not only did it sell like hot cakes, but also it opened citizens’ eyes to the actual horrors occurring in the South, and under their same Constitution. They saw that merciless slave owners and continuous beatings left slaves with little hope and little faith. The sympathetic portrayal of slaves throughout the South lead many Northerners to side with the extreme abolitionists, which would soon create further tensions among the North and the South and eventually cause the friction prompting Southern states to secede and begin the Civil War. This progression of events inspired Abraham Lincoln’s famous quote to Harriet Beecher Stowe when he met her, â€Å"So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that caused this great war? † Although the original intent of this novel was to educate the unaware masses, Stowe fell into some stereotypes of black men. When â€Å"Black Sam† received the order from Mrs. Shelby to slow down the retrieval of Eliza so that she may escape, it is clear that he does not care whether Eliza gets to freedom, but is purely interested in whether, if he succeeds, he can take over the spot of â€Å"trusted slave† that Tom filled. Stowe basically describes him as the â€Å"comic† black figure. A â€Å"comic† black figure is drawn into the book for the amusement of the white audience, which, in itself is a horrifying thought. This portrayal shows him grinning dumbly and failing to use large words correctly. He also is screeching in broad dialect and â€Å"seems ready to break into an comic dance†. It seems as if, especially with the inclusion of the cartoon, Stowe was playing into overdrawn racial stereotypes of the day, and implying that only some slaves had the capacity to function normally in society while others could not. Although Stowe mocks Haley (the slave catcher and seller) in this chapter, it seems as if the representation of the average slave undermines the positive image she is attempting to draw for slaves such as Uncle Tom, Eliza and George Harris. Some points made in the novel were ironic to me. I thought it was interesting how being a â€Å"white n—-â€Å" was something undesirable in the slave community. When a large slave comes up to Adolph and said â€Å"Law, now, boys! dis yer's one o' yer white n—–s, — kind o' cream color, ye know, scented! † The situation slaves were put them made them resent white people to such a degree that it was terrible to be a â€Å"white n—–â€Å". It is ironic also that they themselves used the term â€Å"white† with the derogatory term â€Å"nigger† to insult someone n their own community. One might have thought – given the ability whites had to roam free and easily – that being white was a good thing. Of course, being called â€Å"white† had more to do with the fact that these slaves associated â€Å"white n—-â€Å" as a portrayal of their oppressor, and by calling one of their own a â€Å"white n – – – – â€Å" they were lashing out at their oppressors and anyone who tried to emulate them. The idea of a â€Å"white n—-â€Å" also brings to mind how close these slaves are to their owners making the reader question â€Å"How different are these people that they can be considered property while I can be considered free? † No Doubt Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe had the power to turn average, every day, on the fence Americans into full-fledged abolitionists. Stowe was able to accomplish this by relating the oppressed slaves to people in every day life, whether it was through Eliza’s attachment to her son, or Tom’s embrace religion in the toughest of times. Stowe also shows that a girl who grew up in the heart of the South could show compassion for people she was raised to believe were so beneath her and so horrid. Her strength and faith – and her recognition that the key was to see slaves as people – also influenced those around her. Stowe’s fictional tale of Uncle Tom not only touched the heart of Northerners, it also touched Southerners, and – most importantly – it contributed to the commencement of a great civil war; one that would end with the emancipation of slaves everywhere.

“Hedda Gabler” by Henrik Ibsen and the 19th Century Marriage Essay

Marriage in the 19th century was a social and economic matter, rather than a matter of personal relationship. The morals of the era, including family morals, are often associated with the Victorian England, where they revealed themselves in the most ultimate and form, yet especially this kind of attitude towards marriage dominated throughout Europe. The hypocrisy of the 19th century marriage, which caused countless lives to be broken and countless people to be unhappy, inspired many prominent writers like Oscar Wild, Gustave Flaubert, Honore de Balzac, Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky to refer to the motifs of protest against such state of things. Yet Henrik Ibsen is unique even in this society, he concentrates on the named subject in virtually every of his famous plays. One of those plays is â€Å"Hedda Gabler† first published in 1890. In this paper I will attempt to analyze Ibsen’s play in the context of the XIX century marriage, as well as the effect the play itself had on the social perception of family ties. I will argue that Ibsen managed to demonstrate how frustrating a hypocritical marriage can be and what a disastrous consequences it can cause not only for the married women, but for every person involved in the relation. I will further argue that the play can be viewed as Ibsen’s contribution to change of the entire social idea of the place of a woman in a family. Ibsen himself wrote that â€Å"The title of the play is Hedda Gabler. I intended to indicate thereby that as a personality she is to be regarded rather as her father’s daughter than as her husband’s wife. † Here Ibsen refers to the key problem of marriage in the 19th century. A woman has not played any independent role in it. She has always been viewed as â€Å"belonging to some man†, whether it is her father, brother or husband. Correspondingly, she had no opportunity to develop her own life and turned out to be a toy in the hands of men, being entirely dependent on them in social and economic aspects . In Hedda’s case she is either a daughter of a general, or a wife of an academic. But what is worse, she is dependent not only socially, but even mentally. She does not seem to be very clever, yet this does not mean that she lacks character. At her first approach Ibsen stresses her â€Å"pale and opaque† face and that â€Å"her steel-grey eyes express a cold, unruffled repose† . She is no way a foolish maiden dreaming only of lavish and careless life, throughout the play she often acts as a person of firm will, yet of a bad, or rather undeveloped character. This personal underdevelopment includes both narrow outlook and lack of moral principles. Perhaps she has been taught everything possible about morals, but a person of her type would rather act in contrary to imposed principles. Hedda really â€Å"belongs† to her husband and she is constantly reminded of that. This makes her desire for power even stronger, as she demonstrates more and more masculine features as the play develops. Unwilling to accept the feminine stereotypes of behavior Hedda plays with her father’s pistols perhaps more to shock and confuse her family, because handling arms is surely not a proper thing for a young lady. Yet the play with the pistols is still comparatively innocent. It appears that Hedda plays her own game with the society. Her relatives treat her as an obedient toy, so Hedda starts using them as toys in turn. This is a game of arrogance and indifference. Hedda makes snobbish remarks to the surrounding people, insults Aunt Julie’s new hat. The game gradually becomes more and more dangerous, and ends with two suicides. It seems that in this game Hedda makes little difference between a hat and Lovborg’s life. What the world has given to Hedda that Hedda returns to the world, and in case her dreams of luxurious existence are ruined, she can ruin the world in turn. The dependent position of a woman in marriage is naturally followed by another aspect of 19th century marriage – restriction of a woman. Ibsen embodied this social barrier in the repeated image of a glass door. The barrier is easy to be removed or broken, which she â€Å"nervously† walks to, but which she never opens, dying inside the claustrophobic space of the house. A question might arise here why Hedda at all married Jorgen Tesman whom she never loved and whom she openly neglected? The most obvious answer is that Hedda was in need of money, since her fathers only heritage was a good name. Tesman was an acceptable choice to her. He is considerably prosperous, his scientific prospects look perfectly, his name is noble, and, what is most important, his character is not very strong, so Hedda can easily control him. What is less obvious is Hedda’s desire to revenge Lovborg who failed to meet her hopes. Whether consciously or not, Hedda is making her way towards actual murder and suicide from the very beginning of the play. Although even in the 19th century the declared ground of marriage was love, Hedda cries to the Judge not to â€Å"use this sickening word† . She has crossed out her dreams of love and she does not want even to remember them. However, Hedda at least has an idea of love and passions, while her husband has none. As Hedda married Tesman of convenience, so Tesman did to Hedda. He is attracted both by her origin and by her beauty, while her death impresses him in a strange way: â€Å"Shot herself! Shot herself in the temple! Fancy that! †. This last phrase shows his real attitude. He never loved Hedda, and his primary concern was his own social position which he hoped to improve with a good marriage and an image of a beautiful wife. In fact there are no good or bad characters in the play, no victims and no executioners. Hedda is often blamed as a â€Å"snobbish, mean-spirited, small-minded, conservative, cold, bored, vicious. She’s sexually eager but terrified of sex; ambitious to be bohemian but frightened of scandal; a desperate romantic fantasist but unable to sustain any loving relationship with anyone, including herself† . This all can be true, but other characters are not better. The basic defect of the situation is that men and women surrounding Hedda are completely unable to see her as a personality outside of her social position. To the last they believe that Hedda would act in the â€Å"accepted way†, whether it is Tesman who views his wife as a pretty doll or Judge Brack who blackmails Hedda to enter into the family and probably force Hedda to a love affair believing that Hedda would act as a women in hopelessness, in other words obey . Brack is surprised with Hedda’s rebelliousness against the rule and asks: â€Å"Are you so unlike the generality of women as to have no turn for duties? † . But what Hedda does not want to hear about are duties. In this company even Lovborg causes little compassion. An miserable alcoholic who almost ruined his talent saved not due to his own effort, but due to a woman, he is unable even to die in the way Hedda has determined, and his suicide looks ridiculous. Being finally cornered by the circumstances Hedda decides to commit suicide herself. All of her dreams are ruined, she is now convinced that nobody loves her, her dreams of freedom, luxury and passions appeared to be mirages. She is unable to dominate even in the situation she has herself created. Hedda realizes that she is not a romantic hero but a simple wife of an academic, she is imprisoned and powerless. Her possible motherhood can only aggravate her despair, for a child shall be born from a man she does not love, and childbirth will make her even more helpless and dependent. Thus suicide looks as a natural resort for her. There is an another strong social allusion in the play. Lovborg and Mrs. Elvsted use to label Loveborg’s manuscript as a child, so burning a manuscript is a similar to child murder. When Hedda kills herself she kills her prospective children, as well as ruins her husband’s reputation thus doing two things he is afraid of. She commits suicide out of escapist intents but it is also a revenge to her husband, Brack, relatives and the whole world where such hypocritical marriage is possible. â€Å"Hedda Gabler† caused an ambiguous reaction of the public ever since premiere. The responses differed from calling it â€Å"Ibsen’s greatest play and the most interesting woman that he has created† to the devastating characteristic by George Bernard Show who emotionally observed: â€Å"What a marvel of stupidity and nonsense the author did produce in this play! It is incredible to think that only a score of years ago the audience sat seriously before its precious dullness†. American newspapers added oil to the flame of critique. The Philadelphian Ledger wrote after the American premiere â€Å"What a hopeless specimen of degeneracy is Hedda Gabler! A vicious, heartless, cowardly, unmoral, mischief-making vixen†. Yet I would emphasize a characteristic that remains actual until now. It has been provided by Justin Huntly McCarthy who wrote of the â€Å"he most interesting woman that he has created – she is compact with all the vices, she is instinct with all the virtues of womanhood† . The debate has not ceased over the years. Hedda became a favored character in the feminist movement, the play has been staged in numerous interpretations, including even lesbian one. However such public interest is the best proof of the fact that Ibsen hit the nail. â€Å"Hedda Gabler† is a play about fatal marriage. It starts with return of Hedda from her wedding journey and ends with the beginning of her final journey. However, Ibsen managed to generalize his subject and make his play a story of woman place in the society. 19th century marriage did left little space for female existence in the world dominated by males. That what the play is actually about. The motif of domination is revealed throughout the play and it is not always possible to say who, except for faulty customs dominates the situation. After all Tesman is unable to control even himself, and Hedda can not take the leading positions in the family due to social restrictions. Death is her protest. Perhaps it would not be too general to say that Ibsen wrote not only of physical death of his character but of a spiritual death of womanhood in the 19th century marriage. Works Cited: 1. Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Digireads. com, 2005. 2. Coontz, Stephanie. Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. 3. Templeton, Joan. Ibsen’s Women. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 4. Eyre, Richard. â€Å"Femme fatale. Richard Eyre would like to apologise to Ibsen for doubting the greatness of Hedda Gabler†. The Guardian. 5 Mar. 2005. 21 April 2009 http://www. guardian. co. uk/stage/2005/mar/05/theatre 5. Sanders, Tracy. â€Å"Lecture Notes: Hedda Gabler – Fiend or Heroine†. Australian Catholic University, 2006. 21 April 2009 http://dlibrary. acu. edu. au/staffhome/trsanders/units/modern_drama/hedda_gabler. html