Wednesday, July 31, 2019

A1 Steak Sauce

A1 Steak Sauce and Marinades| To:| Smith, Chuck | From:| | CC:| | Date:| | Re:| Lawry's Defense| Comments:| Issue Lawry is attempting to release a new steak sauce that should penetrate the market by early April. Obviously a new player in the market is not a major concern to A1/Kraft, having over 50 percent of the market share. The best case scenario for Lawry is that they will only gain ten percent of the market share. The direct threat for A1 lies with Lawry’s marketing tactics. Lawry is attempting to launch a Memorial Day advertisement with Publix, offering a two-for $5 promotion.The issue is that retailers generally support only one brand in a particular category in a given week. In recent years A1 has always locked in that spot. Aside from Lawry’s promotion dates, their promotion price is also a major concern. A1 sells over ten percent of their yearly volume each promotion during the summer holiday promotion weeks of Memorial Day and the Fourth of July. Generally A1 would run a fifty cent off promotion with the unit sale price lowered to $4. 49. As the category leader in the steak sauce, A1 has been able to continually increase sales revenue by relying on price increases.The price increase is the primary way that A1 is able to increase revenue since volume has been stagnant the past few years. [Appendix A is a SWOT analysis displaying the internal and external factors that contributes to A1’s current dilemma] Evaluating Alternatives A1 Steak Sauce has several alternatives to evaluate. A1 can be proactive or reactive. By taking the proactive approach, A1 can beat Lawry at its own game of strategic pricing. Option 1: A1 can directly price match and copy the promotions of Lawry. A1 Steak Sauce will considerably drop its prices, which will clutch all of Lawry’s forecasted sales.However, it will not only affect Lawry but it will decrease A1’s potential of future revenue too. Option 2: A1 can do a similar price match of a  "two-for† special. Rather than a two-for-$5, A1 could shoot for a more reasonable approach of two-for- $8. Although both scenarios will require the same amount of units sold (sold in pairs) in order to breakeven. [Appendix B shows Pro Forma for Option 1 and Appendix C shows a Pro Forma for Option 2] A1 can also take a reactive approach by increase its advertising while Lawry is running its two-for-$5 promotion.A1 Steak Sauce can pay for more efficient shelf spacing in the retail outlet. This will include end caps, more facings in the stores, larger and increase signage (bigger and better than what they have done in years past). A1 can also use their brand recognition to their advantage by ensuring more restaurants that publically use A1 display their products, rather it’s on the menu or tables. Currently A1 spends roughly 15% of total revenue on advertising. Option 3: A1 could simply increase their percentage of revenue to marketing and adverting from 15% to 20%.This ap proach will decrease A1’s net profit by roughly 7. 5million (with the worst case scenario that A1 will not increase sales at all) but it will allow A1 to increase its brand awareness and make it substantially harder for Lawry to penetrate the market with its new steak sauce. [Appendix D displays A1’s pro forma with the original 15% of revenue funding its marketing while Appendix E displays an increase to 20% of revenue funding marketing initiatives]Recommendation: Based on the financial analysis of each option, Option 2 would be the best approach for A1.Although each scenario is profitable, Option 2 has more incentives than the other options. Option 2 would be a better deal for A1 because it will generate over 17 million dollars more in profit than Option 1. It will take 38k units to breakeven or 19k pairs on sale for two-for-$8. The breakeven amount is not that far off from what A1 is already accustom to meeting. The price cut alone would be also be great incentive fo r the customers because they will save $2 ($1 per unit) rather than the normal fifty cent.That $2 reduction will be very favorable for A1 granted that it’s will go into effect during the holiday season when shoppers are looking for a bargain, especially while the cost of beef is going through inflation. Additionally, the amount of money spent on advertising will not increase compared to Option 3, so A1 can stick to their normal tactics and not have to focus on cutting cost elsewhere to cover the increase in advertising. | APPENDIX Appendix A: SWOT Analysis

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

“Ozymandias” Themes Essay

The message or theme of the poem of â€Å"Ozymandias† is that man is insignificant and his efforts are vain when compared to the forces of time and nature. Shelly expertly uses diction in the poem to portray important ideas. By encompassing time and nature into a theme Shelley brings a divine sense to the poem. To consider the issue of the power of time and nature, the poet has the narrator reporting on a meeting with a traveler from ‘an antique land’ or Egypt, who told of seeing in the desert, the remains of a vast statue. Only the legs remained standing. The trunk was missing and the shattered face lay half buried in the sand, he told that the sculptor had skillfully captured the ‘frown, the wrinkled lip, and sneer’ on the ‘shattered visage’ through ‘passions well read.’ The importance of this traveler is that of symbolism. The traveler symbolizes the power that ‘Ozymandias’ has lost in his death. In health he was one of the most powerful people alive but now it takes a wandering traveler to spread a tale of the once great king. The power of nature is well represented by this part of the poem also. ‘Ozymandias’ told his subjects to ‘look on my works; ye Mighty, and despair!’ however, thanks to the power of nature there are barely and works left to look upon at all, let alone despair upon! It can be seen that nature has destroyed his works in the quotes, ‘shattered visage’ and ‘sand, half sunk.’ Thus the major theme of the poem is reavealed. The statue is described as a â€Å"colossal wreck boundless and bare† drawing a parallel for the reason in which it was built. The condition of the stones, descriptively worded by Shelley, only emphasizes the despair drawn into the stone by the sculptor’s hand. By using words such as â€Å"frown†, â€Å"sneer†, and â€Å"mocked†, the author provides us with a slight portrait of â€Å"Ozymandias.† It gives us a picture of a powerful king with no motivation or reason to smile. The phrase ‘cold command† portrays him as a militaristic leader that has seen more death and destruction than a whole army and has come to realize that even he is not able to compete with the Almighty. Shelley’s words â€Å"lifeless†, â€Å"decay†, and â€Å"wreck† apply not only to the statue the author is describing but also to the sculptor of the statue. These words encompass his entire being, and go far into bringing â€Å"Ozymandias alive in the reader. Shelley cunningly uses Nature and time to bring in the â€Å"Mighty† one. God is the only being that has been around since time and Nature began. He represents what â€Å"Ozymandias† could not achieve and that is immortality. â€Å"Ozymandias† did however leave a mark on the world but in time even that too will be overcome by the relentless forces of Nature and time that is God. In conclusion, the main themes of the poem are nicely summed up in mans insignificance to time and nature. Shelley also puts across the idea of despair superbly through delicate and subtle use of diction.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Pest Brazil

BRAZIL PEST Political environment †¢Greed and Corruption †¢Increase in government expenditures †¢Political stability and emphasis on consistent economic policies and growth †¢Position of international influence and power (BRIC) †¢Many environmental restrictions and regulations (Protection of Amazon) †¢Going into business: High bureaucracy, lack of transparency of rules and slow legal procedures (are hurdles to overcome and make brazil a difficult country to do business in) †¢The huge opportunities for foreign companies in Brazil's growing economy have to be weighed up against the country's relatively high taxes and labor costs // labour rules are generous to workers †¢Foreign exchange rules are in favour for investors outside the country but with some restrictions by certain states (freely allow dividends and capital to be repatriated to investors outside the country, but some restrictions are imposed by certain states // differences in risk be tween its 27 states) Economic environment †¢The world’s sixth largest economy (GDP: $2. 089) †¢Poor GDP growth of 3. % in 2011,(was high in 2010 but dicreased due to measures to decrease inflation) the economy is expected to grow strongly. †¢inflation 5% †¢expanding its presence in world markets. ($256 billion (2011 est. ) – 24th worldly) †¢ high interest rates make it an attractive destination for foreign investors. explain †¢Imports: $226,2 billion (2011 est. ) – 23rd world – cost to import/per container:1. 730 †¢large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, †¢capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the appreciation of the currency, hurting the competitiveness of Brazilian manufacturing and leading the govern (exchange rates: 1,6728 (2011 est. – 2(2009) †¢Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad: ? 171,7 (2011 est. ) †¢foreign direct investment unflows:31 †¢still has a relatively high debt burden †¢Several Brazilian companies ranking of the world’s largest companies. †¢unemployment (6,7%) – high rate o job creation †¢South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. †¢Brazil managed to go from a net importer of food to one of the world’s leading exporters of agricultural products. †¢ease of doing business (ranked 124th) – corruption major business constraint (67% of managers believe that) Socio – cultural environment world’s fifth largest country by both population and total area. (Large and growing population (191mn in 2010, 1,5% growing, 5th in the world) ) †¢Large % of youth population (51,3% of population is under 30 †¢Urban population: 84,3% †¢increase in living standards. From 1980 to 2010, Brazil’s Human Development Index (HDI) increa sed by 30. 8 percent from 0. 549 to 0. 718. but bad gini index †¢Poverty / inequality (21,4% of population is below poverty line + Gini index:56. 99, equality of distribution of income 0-100 †¢Consumer expenditure per capita is low ($6. 619,8) †¢ Consumers rapidly adopting spending habits that are more characteristic of consumers in developed countries.According to Credit Suisse Research’s Emerging Consumer Survey 2011, Brazilians’ devote a considerably larger share of income to discretionary spending than consumers in other BRIC countries. †¢Brazilian respondents reported saving a relatively modest 10 percent, and more than half (52 percent) were not able to set aside any income for savings. (high inflation – uncertain environment) †¢favelas or shanty towns stand in striking proximity and sharp contrast to the city’s upscale environs and stunning scenic backdrop. Fortunately, some have seen fit to aid the residents of Brazil†™s favelas. The plight of Brazil’s large population of urban poor has given rise to a number of innovative social programs. increasing number of consumers attaining middle-class status (more than 32 million the past 7years) while another 20 million have escaped a state of poverty. (reach a low-income market segment of new consumer) †¢Sharing borders with 10 neighbours in Latin America †¢troubled and combative social situation †¢ illegal narcotics trafficking / border disputes Urugua-Brazil border – 1st country of number of murders by youth: 20. 386 †¢education level low 9average education 14 years old) – education spending: 4,2%of GDP Technological environment †¢Energy independent / rich in natural recourses †¢Strengths in agricultural research, know-how and technology. (Much of the credit goes to Embrapa, Brazil’s highly accomplished, public agricultural research organization. †¢Initiatives on R( that promote South-So uth cooperation in several arenas, including science and research collaboration in fields such as nanotechnology, oceanography and Antarctic research. ) †¢Many transportation routes and infrastructures ( ports (atlantic ocean) ) †¢Transportation note : the International Maritime Bureau reports that the territorial and offshore waters in the Atlantic Ocean remain a significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; 2010 saw an 80% increase in attacks over 2009; numerous commercial vessels were attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen †¢Growing Infrastructure programs due to world cup / olympics (government’s Growth Acceleration Program has pumped $250 billion into infrastructure projects. †¢Recent discovery of huge offshore oil deposits near Rio de Janeiro will further promote future growth, transforming Brazil into one of the world’s biggest oil producers †¢creativity and flair for design and innovation that are ingrained in the Brazilian national character and enhanced by the country’s newfound financial fitness, telecoms talent and entrepreneurial energy. DATA SOURCES †¢Euromonitor: https://www. portal. euromonitor. com †¢IMF website: http://www. imf. org/external/country/BRA/index. htm †¢CIA website: https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br. html †¢UNCTAD: http://unctadstat. unctad. org †¢World Bank World Development Indicators: http://data. worldbank. org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators. †¢United Nations Development Programs: http://www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home. html †¢CEBR website: http://www. cebr. com/ †¢Forbes magazine website: http://www. forbescustom. com/index. html †¢CNN Money website: http://money. cnn. com/

A Study Of Using Cultura Project In Selected Universities In Saudi Essay

A Study Of Using Cultura Project In Selected Universities In Saudi Arabia And Australia - Essay Example With the progress of the Cultura methodology in the joint American and French educational institutions, there is an incredibly large potential for the Cultura project to be applied in other educational institutions wishing to be integrated as well. This system of integration can be used by other educational institutions separated by culture as an active classroom system where students are left with the task of learning something while teachers are on stand-by for monitoring purposes. It is with this progress that this paper is founded on. This paper revolves around the analysis of utilizing the Cultura method in joining two different cultures like Arabic and English to be applied with the same treatment. This undertaking will not only verify the effectiveness of Cultura methodology and generality of the findings of Furstenberg, Levet, English & Maillet (2001) but also contribute to the legacy of educational institutions towards cultural literacy. II. Statement of the Problem The study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Cultura Project in selected universities within Saudi Arabia and Australia. In addition, the study also aims to determine what would be the effect on cultural literacy and integration between Saudi and Australian schools when they are connected via the Cultura Project. The study would also focus on several facets of the socio-economic grid that are primary or secondary factors to the Cultura Project.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

The Definition of Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Definition of Success - Essay Example This highlights one of the important aspects of success: you have to succeed or fail at something – so creating a general definition of success might be a very difficult thing. Bill Gates has succeeded in becoming a billionaire – but has failed badly at becoming a professional basketball player. To accommodate this fact any generalized definition of success must account for these expectations or contradictions; it must, in other words, take goals into account. But sometimes someone achieves success without ever necessarily meaning to: when Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook, he had no intention of making billions of dollars – yet he is still successful (Veloso). Furthermore, if someone’s only goal is to get off the couch, then them doing so would not typically make them a success (barring situations like disability or injury). A close examination of etymology of the word â€Å"success,† along with cases both real and imagined, can show that a good def inition of success would be â€Å"achieving laudable or worthy accomplishments that bring satisfaction or joy to the person who has accomplished them.† The etymology of the word â€Å"success† serves as a useful starting point for an understanding of its meaning. The word entered the language at the close of the beginning of the 16th century, with a meaning of â€Å"result, outcome,† from a similar Latin word which had the meaning of â€Å"happy result/outcome† (Etymology Online). This etymology reveals an important thing about the word success – it is inexorably linked to results. It has been linked to results from the very beginning of its entrance into the English language, and even before that. So for someone or something to be a success, that determination has to be based on an outcome of some kind – success is not about effort or intention, but about result. This helps explain the first part of the definition I advocate –  "achieving ... accomplishments† – success has to be about something that someone has done that has tangible consequences. Success is a very results-oriented business, and has been since the word entered the English language, so any definition of success must account for results as a central aspect of its meaning – a real, concrete achievement is the central part of success. The primary part of the definition of success it that someone has accomplished something. But this cannot be simply anything, as a few real-world examples can help to demonstrate. Some people have been very able to accomplish their goals, but would not generally be deemed to be â€Å"successes† by our society. Joseph Stalin, for instance, managed to gain control of the Soviet Union and rule it for many years (Sebag 13), but would not be considered a â€Å"success† because his achievements did not meet the second part of the definition – they were not laudable or worthy ach ievements that he gained. He ruled his country with an iron first, and the quality of life in Russia during his time was incredibly poor (Sebag 15). So while he met his needs and perhaps accomplished his own goals, the lack of worth in those goals means that neither he nor his causes were successful. This logic holds true of all modern day

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Throughout This semester you will work in a small group(maximum four Essay

Throughout This semester you will work in a small group(maximum four persons)to analyse the strategic activates and decisions of - Essay Example The importance of location when expanding internationally is further verified through the study of Luo (2000). According to the above researcher, the expansion of each firm internationally is likely to be influenced by three factors: ‘ownership advantages of a firm, location advantages of a market, and advantages related to the internal processes of a firm’ (Luo 2000, p.103-104). It is made clear that choosing the appropriate location can affect the internationalization efforts of a firm, depending on the existence of increased or decreased location advantages in regard to the country chosen. According to Neelankavil (2007) choosing the appropriate country for entry is quite important due to the following reason: the selection of an inappropriate country for entry ‘can lead to severe damages on a firm’s performance while the time period required for recovering from such damages can be quite long’ (Neelankavil 2007, p.82). ... This means that the location chosen should secure the achievement of the above target, even in the long term (Ebner 2011). China meets the above term; the country’s population is quite high and the demand of products of such type, i.e. of products related to the nutrition of babies, is quite high, as also analyzed below. 3.2.2 Geographic distance When reviewing the appropriateness of a country as a target market emphasis should be also given to the distance between the home market and the target market (Tallman 2007). Indeed, ‘geographic distance’ (Tallman 2007, p.295) is often regarded as a factor that can highly influence the success of a product in a new market (Tallman 2007). Developing strategic alliances locally can be an excellent method for limiting the risks related to such initiatives (Tallman 2007, p.295). 3.2.3 Local demand for similar products The level of demand of products of similar characteristics is critical for choosing the location of a firmâ⠂¬â„¢s international expansion. In the case under examination the choice of China as a target market for Aptamil Power milk can be characterized as fully justified. In terms of its economy China ranks among the most powerful countries worldwide. In a report published by Economist (2013) emphasis is given to the power of the Chinese economy but also to the threats that the particular economy has to face since it is mainly ‘consumer – led’ (The Economist 2013). For Aptamil Power milk the Chinese market seems to be an excellent destination due to the following two reasons: a) the demand for products of the particular type is quite high in China (BBC News 2013), b) a recent scandal related to the quality of such

Friday, July 26, 2019

Briefly explain the major objectives or underlying philosophies of HRM Essay - 1

Briefly explain the major objectives or underlying philosophies of HRM and what activities these may involve - Essay Example One of the major objectives of human resource management is to develop a personnel base that is motivated and has the necessary potentials, and to maximize on such human resource towards achieving organizational objectives. This identifies the role of the branch of management in ensuring a healthy and productive workforce. Creating a workforce with the required potential for meeting the objective involves activities such as recruiting, selecting, and training employees. While an informed employee selection ensures skills and personalities towards meeting job demands, activities such as rewarding and recognizing employees together with providing favourable work environments achieves a motivated workforce that can achieve organizational goals effectively. Human resource management also aims at developing and sustaining a â€Å"suitable and sound organizational structure† with a subsequent goal of good interpersonal relationships towards teamwork (Geet and Deshpande, 2008, p. 1-2 0). The desired integration also aims at alleging individuals’ goals for ensuring focus and effectiveness in organizational ventures. In order to achieve such unity and cohesion, human resource managements ensure activities that promote â€Å"belongingness, team spirit† and personal contributions to the organization (Geet and Deshpande, 2008, p. 1-20). Activities such as bonding retreats, seminars on benefits of interpersonal relationships, and focus groups to identify possible barriers to organizational cohesion are therefore essential (Geet and Deshpande, 2008). Human resource management also aims at developing a work environment that sustains employees’ morale and promote â€Å"value system and environment of trust and mutuality of interest† (Geet and Deshpande, 2008, p. 1-20). Activities towards favourable work environment include matching job descriptions with employees’

Thursday, July 25, 2019

The Internet and an Ethical Debate on Our Information Privacy Research Paper

The Internet and an Ethical Debate on Our Information Privacy - Research Paper Example Whatever happens in the future would be based on the Internet domains as has been evidenced by research within these quarters for quite a period of time now. Also the ethical debate surrounding the usage of the Internet has also been expressed so as to comprehend where the shortcomings and loopholes lie and how these can be plugged to achieve sound results at the end of the day. Internet has become a major force more so because the proponents of this platform have understood the due roles that are attached with it. They have found out that businesses can prosper and individuals can grow and develop in an able way if they make the best possible use of the Internet. This force is being made use of by the people who are at the helm of affairs and that too for a number of reasons, most of which are linked up with the rationale of providing profits and benefits for the sake of the business (Klosek, 2000:85). No business organization in this day and age can make-do without the use of the Internet and there is absolutely no denying this very fact. The huge pitfalls of not making use of the Internet are apparent and can be understood if one sees the business perspective in a balanced perspective. Hence when the understanding is laid out as far as the role of the Internet is concerned, there are many aspects that can be covered fully, and especially within the realm s of business alone (Holmes, 2006:116). The business regimes which have banked upon the due use of the Internet have benefited immensely yet the ones which have lost hope in its nuances have fallen short of the expected count, so much so that their business settings have almost faded away.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Lab report - Essay Example Centripetal force is the description of the net force acting on an object moving in a circle. Any object moving in a circular motion will have a force acting on it to prevent it from deviating from the path of motion. The force also causes the object to deviate from its straight line motion. The direction of centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity vector as the object is changing its direction and undergoing an inward acceleration (James Shipman). An object moving in a circular motion is accelerating. The acceleration is as a result of changing velocity either the changing magnitude of the velocity vector or the direction. Even if the body is moving at a steady speed, it is accelerating due to changing direction. The direction of acceleration is inwards towards the centre of the circle. In the diagram above, the particle is moving with constant speed but its acceleration is changing due to the changing velocity factor. Due to this change, acceleration is noted and directed towards the centre. The direction of instantaneous velocity is obtained by taking the two radial vectors defining a circle in constant motion. As the two radial vectors get closer together, becomes tangent to the circle. Since the direction of the velocity is equivalent to the direction of, then the velocity vector is in the direction tangent to the circle pointing perpendicular to the position vector (James Shipman). Resolving tesnion in 1 and 2 into vertical and horizontal elements, we find that horizontal components T1cosá µ ¨ and T2 cos á µ ¨ are in the same direction. These components add up to give centripetal force (James Shipman). The centripetal force for measurement 2 and 3 are the same because, in both cases, the masses on the hanger are almost the same. In measurement 2, the mass is 0.82 kg and in measurement 3, the mass on the hanger is o.84kg. These two masses produce relatively the same

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Patterns of Trade A Closer Look at Two Countries Essay

Patterns of Trade A Closer Look at Two Countries - Essay Example This led to very close ties with the Middle East, South America, US, Singapore, Japan and other South East Asian countries in terms of trade. The failure of a number of South East Asian economies such as Hong Kong, Thailand and Indonesia in the 1990s had little impact on the economy of Australia. Even the political events in the neighboring countries, such as commotions in Fiji and Indonesia, have had no effect on Australia's international trade (IMF, 1999). Australia mainly exports minerals such as gold, aluminum, iron ore and coal as well as transport equipment, machinery, cotton, wheat and meat. The largest importer of Australia's products is Japan, which bought products worth about $9 billion in 1999. The US was second after importing products worth about $4 billion. Other major importers are Italy, Malaysia, Indonesia, UK, Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, New Zealand and South Korea. As can be seen, eight out of the top twelve importers of Australian products are from Asia (IMF, 1999). Australia mainly imports clothing, aircraft equipment, pharmaceutical and medical products, oil products, telecommunications equipment, computers and office machinery, transport equipment; mainly motor vehicles, and machinery. The US is the largest exporter of its products to Australia, having exported about $10 billion worth of products in 1999. Australia also gets lots of imports from Malaysia, Italy, Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea, Germany, China, the UK and Japan (IMF, 1999). The recent value depreciation of the Australian dollar against the US dollar could affect its current trade deficit, since Australian's exports have become cheaper than its imports. On the other hand, a weak Australian currency gives it a competitive advantage over the US, Canada and other countries that sell raw materials to Japan among other countries. The main disadvantage is that the imported goods become expensive since more money is required to buy the same product. Australians may therefore find imported goods too costly and even stop buying them, leading to a decrease in these imports while the exports continue increasing. If this continues, it could lead to a drop in the deficit level (OECD, 2003). Japan Table 1: Japan's international trade Year Value of Imports Value of Exports 1975 US$58 US$56 1980 US$141 US$130 1985 US$130 US$177 1990 US$235 US$288 1995 US$336 US$443 1998 US$280 US$388 Source: IMF Financial Statistics Yearbook 1999 Japan benefited from big trade surpluses in the 1980s mainly due to its diversified manufacturing sector and its restrictive tariffs and regulations that locked out international competition in order to protect its local market (Krugman, 1992). However, Japans trading partners and competitors such as the US forced it open up its economy in the 1980s, resulting in increased imports and decreased surpluses in the 1990s, reaching US$ 144 in 1994 and dropping further to US$84 two years later (IMF, 1999). Japan mainly imports fishery products, agricultural products, fuel, minerals, raw materials, machinery and equipment. On the other han

Assignment and discussion forum in sociology Week 9 Part a and Part b Essay

Assignment and discussion forum in sociology Week 9 Part a and Part b - Essay Example Poverty is the immediate result of any sort of stratification, whether it is domestic or international. There have been many public and private enterprises aimed at the alleviation of poverty at the national and international level. In this respect, the contribution of micro credit envisioned by professor Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh deserves primary attention. Micro-credit aims to create economic and social development among the poor sections of the society and it is built on the awareness that â€Å"lasting peace cannot be achieved unless large population groups find ways in which to break out of poverty† (Prof. Muhammad Yunus & Grameen Bank Awarded The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006 ). The plan of micro-credit to provide ‘loans to the poor people without any financial security’ has been beneficial not only to the people of Bangladesh but to many other poor sections of the society in other parts of the world too. Women all over the world have from this joint endeavor of Yunus and the Grameen bank as the micro-credit system has helped women empowerment and addressed, to a large extent, the question of global feminization of poverty. It has proved to be â€Å"an important liberating force in societies where women in particular have to struggle against repressive social and economic conditions† (Prof. Muhammad Yunus & Grameen Bank Awarded The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006). It is an acknowledged fact that economic growth and political democracy of a nation enhance surprisingly when women are provided equal opportunity and participation like the males. One can never think of women empowerment unless and until poverty among them is tackled. As global poverty and various social and economic problems associated with global poverty contribute to global inequality, it is high time that international organizations took effective measures to wipe out global poverty from the poor and economically backward nations. From a

Monday, July 22, 2019

Synagogue Visit Essay Example for Free

Synagogue Visit Essay For me, to visit another place of worship other than a mosque was intriguing and exciting. I was curious to find out what a Jewish temple, oftentimes called synagogue, looked like and if it had any similarities to a Muslim mosque to which I am greatly accustomed to. Before going to the synagogue, I was given a few reminders or rules which I must observe while inside such as not putting the books on the floor because they are sacred, and that in the event that it did touch the floor, I must kiss it. I was also told that I did not need to recite their prayers with them and that I can politely refuse to wear a prayer shawl although men should wear a skull cap. I was also told that I cannot take pictures nor was I allowed to take out my cellular phone, which must be on silent mode. I had no problem in abiding by the rules as I was entering someone else’s sacred place and I would expect the same respect if a visitor was to come to my religion’s place of prayer. When I arrived at the synagogue, I instantly wondered if its location was also subject to the direction of a bigger temple. I cannot discount the fact that mosques are built in an angle allowing for the prayer hall to be facing the direction of the Mecca. But I was told that synagogues follow no tradition at all. But a smile crept through my face as I saw the Star of David (also known as the Megan Star) on the outside wall. I guess although their temple did not face a certain direction, they also placed a symbol of their faith outside their place of worship, just like the mosque bearing the crescent moon and star or the Catholics with the cross. As I entered the synagogue, I immediately noticed bowl-shaped cloths on the side. These are actually skull-caps for male visitors of the synagogue since Jewish men wear skull-caps everyday, but some of them only during prayers or while studying the Torah. A skull-cap is a sign of respect. I was about to take off my shoes when I realized that there was no shoe rack. And neither was there an ablution where cleansing and washing must be done. I learned that Jewish people do not take off their shoes when going inside their temple and they do not do any ceremonial washing right before prayers inside. Inside the synagogue, I keep thinking that they had so much furniture inside. I guess I am used to kneeling on the carpet for prayers, which is why the benches where the Jewish congregation sat were something new to me. There were chairs on all sides except for one side, the side wherein their altar was set-up. The Jewish altar is quite complicated for an outsider since it had many parts. On the wall was something like a closet, which is called the Ark. I learned that the Ark contains the Torah, which is like the Qur’an for the Muslims (or the Bible for the Catholics). The Torah is actually written on scrolls and these scrolls are covered by a breastplate and a mantle. The Ark is only opened during Sabbath day, wherein the community elders say a prayer before opening it. When the Torah is being read, a pointer called the Yad is used to follow the letters and words. On each side of the Ark are prayer boards written in Hebrew and right above the Ark I noticed that there is a replica of the Ten Commandments given by God to Moses. Right above the Ten Commandments is a lamp called the Ner Tamid. It is a symbol that God is omnipresent and it also shows the holiness of the Torah. In front of the Ark is a reading platform which is where the rabbi preaches and where the Torah is read. It is called a Bimah and it is lighted by seven-branched candlesticks called the Menorah but more often than not, it is just plain Sabbath candlesticks that are used during the Jewish Holy Day. I learned that there are two different candlesticks in Jewish tradition. These are actually kept at the back of the synagogue. One is the Menorah and the other is the Hannukiah. A Menorah is actually the candlestick used in the original Jewish temples and oils were put to light them. The Hanukkiah is a nine-branched candlestick with a Star of David on top which commemorates the Jewish holiday Hanukkah. It has nine branches instead of seven because on the night that the Jewish temple was desecrated, the olive oil used for the Menorah was calculated to last only one night and yet it miraculously burned for an additional eight more nights. Hence, the nine branches of the Hanukkiah. For orthodox Jews, only rabbis can lead the service and only men can be rabbis, in contrast with reformed Jews were in anyone can lead the service and even women can be rabbis. However, regardless of being orthodox or reformed Jews, there is no distinction as to the sitting arrangement in the synagogues. Right in front of the Bimah is the seats for the elders of the Jewish community. Behind and around them would sit the men. Women and children are not allowed to sit with the men of the community and so they are seated away from them towards the back or at a balcony above. Also noticeable are decorations nailed on each doorway. The decorations are called mezuzah, a container containing words from the Torah. At this point, it reminded me of the prayer carpets in mosques used as decorations. It seems that the Jewish also use holy things for their decorations, to be in-keeping with respect and sanctity of their place of worship. But the mezuzah is not only for the synagogues but also for Jewish homes and it is placed on each doorway except the doorway of the bathroom or toilet. Outside the synagogue there is also called the sukkah or a hut built for harvest. This is where the Jews pray and have meals. There is also a kitchen and it is kosher or clean according to Jewish laws. Meat and milk are separate and the parts of the kitchen are actually labeled so that the people will be reminded of where to place the meat or milk, thereby in keeping with Jewish laws. Also found in the kitchen is a special cabinet for things used during the Passover. This is to make sure that things used during the Passover is not mixed nor touches anything that has yeast in it, since things for Passover cannot touch anything that has yeast in it. I realized that a synagogue is similar to a mosque. Just like the skull-caps worn inside the synagogue, a spare head covering must be worn inside a mosque. We also have something like the Ark although it does not hold the Qur’an. It is the Mihrab which shows Muslims where to face during prayer, as it faces the direction of the Mecca. And just like the prayer boards around the Ark, a mosque has its own decorations around the Mihrab too like Arabic texts from the Qur’an and a picture of the cube inside the Mecca called the Ka’aba. Just as there are similarities, of course, there are also differences. I did not have to take off my shoes when I entered the synagogue and the carpet on the floor was used for walking on and not for kneeling in prayer. Neither does a mosque have a pulpit or the Bimah where a rabbi speaks. But more important than what I saw inside and outside the synagogue is the deeper realizations I had as a result of my synagogue visit. Each religion has its own place of worship and certain rules and proper decorum must be observed when visiting someone else’s place of worship. It is okay that I felt like a stranger in a place of worship or prayer other than your own and that is because I was a stranger to the place. I was a visitor. I watched my step, my every movement to make sure that I do not do anything that may be seen as a sign of disrespect. I did choose to visit a Jewish temple on a day that there was no service. Although I was told that it would be alright to attend the service and observe the Jewish day of prayer (and that they will not force me to pray with them), I did know my limits and personally did not want to intrude or disturb a very sacred religious practice. Each religion has its own beliefs, traditions and places of worship. And though there are many religions and each one believes in something different from the other religions, each religion must be treated with respect because if there is one common thing among all religions, it is believing in something higher and more powerful than the human being.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The Causes Of The Revolutions History Essay

The Causes Of The Revolutions History Essay Described as the year of the avalanche, the events of 1989 proved to be some of the most surprising and cataclysmic of the twentieth century. In early 1989, few would have dared to predict the unprecedented events which were to occur. In the space of a matter of months, the communist regimes across the Eastern Bloc began to crumble as the Soviet grip on the states lessened. However, the fact that the communist regimes in Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania all fell with such quick succession can lead to the misconception that the revolutions shared the same causes. However, the conventional tendency to assess the causes of the fall of communism collectively is particularly unhelpful; this essay will argue that, despite sharing the same fundamental long-term causes, the salience of these causes, as well as a number of other short term factors, did in fact vary. In making this assertion, the essay will adopt a thematic approach, assessing a range of fact ors which contributed to the events of 1989. Whilst acknowledging that everything was interconnected, each factor will be evaluated with regard to the six East European countries previously mentioned.  [2]  Thus, economic failure, regime problems, outside influences and popular protest will all be considered. It is important to note that the factors which caused the revolutions across Eastern Europe can be divided into both long and short term factors. Crucially, economic stagnation and underdevelopment proved to be central to the revolutions which occurred Eastern Europe. After all, as noted by Brown, economic failure stimulated and consolidated societal opposition in most Eastern European countries.  [3]  This view is supported by Chirot who asserts that economic stagnation and crisis was the most visible reason for the collapse of communism.  [4]  However, it is at this point that it is necessary to distinguish between the various Eastern European countries. Chirot describes how, although not impoverished on the scale of nations, such as Ethiopia, Romania and Poland were headed in that direction, while countries, such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary and East Germany were economically failing when compared to countries in Western Europe.  [5]  However, all of the six nations stru ggled with economic inefficiency and production inadequacies and were, thus, unable to act as competitive rivals to the capitalist economies of Western Europe. Economic stagnation affected the population significantly as there was a shortage of consumer goods, while the commitment to full employment and low food prices further damaged the economies of Eastern Europe.  [6]   However, the failing economy in these countries was arguably linked to regime problems; economic decisions were taken with primary consideration for the maintenance of party rule and the current system, not what was best for the economy. As a result, decisions were largely based on political will, rather than economic necessity.  [7]  Thus, a strong case can be made to suggest that inherent problems with the regimes hindered economic progress. For instance, rather than using foreign loans to invest in new technology or improvements to infrastructure, the communist regimes in Poland and Hungary instead used foreign loans to purchase consumer goods to make people happy, [an attempt to] shore up the crumbling legitimacy of [their] regimes.  [8]  As a result, it is clear that that the economic problems which gripped Eastern Europe arguably exacerbated the problems faced by the communist regimes regarding their fundamental à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ illegitimacy.  [9]  Overall, it is cle ar that the countries of Eastern Europe all experienced varying degrees of economic difficulties and, thus, the economy acted as a contributing factor to the revolutions. However, the key word here is varying. The most severe economic problems were experienced in Bulgaria, Romania and Poland, while the state of the economy was arguably a less significant cause of the revolutions in East Germany and Czechoslovakia as they were more prosperous than their communist neighbours. Furthermore, arguably one of the most crucial long term factors which contributed to the events of 1989 were regime problems and failings. Fundamentally, a strong case can be made to support the assertion that the communist regimes lacked legitimacy and it was this which ultimately rendered revolution a certainty rather than a possibility.  [10]  Crucially, the communist regimes made a fatal error in confusing authority and legitimacy. It was the misguided belief that authority delivered legitimacy which proved ultimately disastrous.  [11]  After over four decades of communist rule, by 1989, citizens arguably began to realise that, not only did the regimes lack legitimacy, but that the authority which they had previously exerted was open to challenge. Thus, it is evident that the illegitimacy of the communist regimes in all of the Eastern European countries directly contributed to the rise in opposition towards communist rule. Moreover, a strong case can be made to support the assertion that this was underpinned by an increasing realisation that the communist party could no longer use force to maintain control. After all, what little legitimacy the regimes initially had gradually eroded over time; the years of repression, terror and misery of life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ created a general malaise.  [12]  For instance, in East Germany, Honecker utilised repression as a tool for maintaining control; once repressive tactics had been abandoned, however, the system collapsed in a few weeks.  [13]  Therefore, this highlights how, once fear had been removed, the illegitimacy of the regimes were exposed and their future was thus limited. Significantly, however, it is possible to assert that attempts to reform and negotiate with the opposition, as occurred in Poland throughout 1989, were an attempt at re-legitimising the communist regimes in order to preserve their power. After all, there was notable success for Ja ruzelski in Poland following the total amnesty he announced in the mid-1980s. Describing the effect of this, Brown asserts that, while the regime gained ground, the opposition seemed to be in disarray.  [14]   In addition, the communist regimes across Eastern Europe faced even greater problems than their illegitimacy. Notably, communist leaders had to find a balance between what was best for their country as well as avoiding disapproval from the Soviet Union. However, this was arguably extremely different; each Soviet leader pursued different policies towards Eastern Europe, with significant contrast between the approach adopted by leaders, such as Khrushchev and Brezhnev, and leaders, such as Gorbachev, for example.  [15]  This highlights the interdependence of the factors which combined to cause the revolutions in 1989; in this sense, regime problems were also dependent upon outside influences, namely the role of the Soviet Union. What is more, elderly leaders, who were increasingly out of touch with the needs of their people, also proved problematic.  [16]  This was arguably the case for Ceausescu, the communist leader of Romania. At the time of his fall from power, Ceausescu wa s 71 years-old and had been in office for 22 years.  [17]  Thus, a logical case can be made to draw links between his age and length of tenure and his uncompromising response to opposition and inability to sense the mood of the country, resulting in a rebellion which cost him his life.  [18]  Overall, a strong case can be made to support the assertion that regime problems and failings played a key role in all of the revolutions across Eastern Europe. However, whilst all of the European states shared this fundamental long term cause of unrest, the salience of the short term factors varied greatly between countries. What is more, another factor which arguably contributed to the revolutions of 1989 can be collectively referred to as outside factors. This is a reference to the range of short term factors which were outside the control of the communist regimes, including geographical issues, the role of Gorbachev, the significance of the domino effect and also the increased awareness of life in the West. In terms of geography, it is important to consider the location of the East European countries as a strong case can be made to suggest that this had a bearing on the events of 1989. For instance, East Germany was a front-line state due to its position bordering the capitalist West Germany.  [19]  Moreover, the population was also more western, with many citizens being able to remember a time when Germany was still unified. Thus, East Germany had a stronger permeation of Western culture than many of the other countries in Eastern Europe.  [20]  What is more, as the European continent has few natural borders, it is clear that events occurring in one country are likely to have a knock-on effect in neighbouring countries. For instance, following the opening of the Hungarian border with Austria, East Germany was severely affected; the opening of the border triggered an emigration crisis, with hundreds of thousands of East Germans attempting to escape due to their demoralisation and disgust with the regime.  [21]  This proved highly damaging for the East German regime; the exposure of the illegitimacy of the regime proved fatal. Thus, this highlights not only the importance of the increased awareness of life in the West, but also the significant role played by geography in terms of exposure to images of both life in the West as well as western media. However, these factors are clearly more important in explaining the causes of the revolutions in those countries which were geographically close to West Europe than those which were closer to the Soviet Union. Moreover, the role of the domino effect was arguably crucial, acting as a catalyst and thus explaining the spread of the revolution. Whilst the effect that images from the West had on frontline states was significant, a convincing case can be made to suggest that it was in fact images of life in the Soviet Union and, later, in neighbouring states which proved to be the ultimate short-term cause of the revolutions across Eastern Europe. The effect of such images arguably served to undermine the regimes in the eyes of the dissenting minority and, crucially, also the loyal minority.  [22]  The notion that the revolutions were in some way contagious is highly significant.  [23]  After all, the fall of communism in Poland paved the way for the overthrow of the communist regimes in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and, finally, Romania. Whilst the argument that the revolutions were contagious is somewhat oversimplifying the intricacies and distinctiveness of the circ umstances which occurred in each of the states, it is still a useful analysis as it emphasises the importance of the spread of ideas and confidence.  [24]  For instance, the successful non-violent overthrow of the communist regime in Poland arguably led to a growth of confidence throughout the Eastern Bloc as a precedent had effectively been established. The effect of such newfound confidence cannot be overestimated, with the contemporary example of the Arab Spring bearing similarities with events in Eastern Europe, for example. Thus, overall, it is clear that the domino effect played a crucial role in all of the countries following the precedent which was established in Poland. However, it is important not to overstate the role of the domino effect; had there not been numerous problems and rising discontent in the states, the revolutions would undoubtedly have been seen as isolated rather than contagious. Furthermore, an additional outside factor which arguably played a key role in the events of 1989 was the attitude and policies pursued by the Soviet leader, Gorbachev. In fact, Brown goes as far as asserting that the revolutions could not have happened without Gorbachev.  [25]  Gorbachevs policy of lessening the Soviet grip on the Eastern Bloc and effectively removing the Soviet rod which had previously reinforced the communist regimes of Eastern Europe arguably had a galvanising effect.  [26]  Not only did it bring together opposition groups and politically-minded youths, but, in Poland and Hungary in particular, it also served to stimulate reformers within the regimes themselves.  [27]  Gorbachevs policy of non-intervention arguably exposed the illegitimacy of the regimes as even their authority was now in question. This was particularly the case in countries, such as Czechoslovakia, where the communist regime did not wish to reform as, if Gorbachev was seen to be corre ct, it effectively validated the attempted rebellion in 1968. Moreover, a further result of Gorbachevs policy was that it increased the evaporation of fear amongst the population, thus explaining the rise in the number and vociferousness of public protest and opposition movements.  [28]  However, whilst Gorbachevs policy had a direct effect on those countries, such as Czechoslovakia and East Germany which had close ties to the Soviet Union, countries, such as Romania were not affected as much due to Romanias remoteness from the Soviet Union. However, despite clear variations in the importance of the role of Gorbachev in contributing to the revolutions, a convincing case can be made to support the assertion that, overall, Gorbachev played a key role. After all, previous attempts at rebellion in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, for example, had been crushed by the Soviet Union. With this threat removed, surely it was only a matter of time before the unpopular regimes fa ced a challenge. Finally, popular protest and organised opposition was arguably the short term catalyst for the events of 1989. The long term factors previously discussed, including regime problems, economic failure and outside influences all combined, thus leading to an increase in opposition. However, despite the significance of popular protest, it is important not to overstate how widespread such protest was; regimes were undermined by the active opposition of a minority, not by the masses.  [29]  For instance, demonstrations were by no means universal, mainly attracting the younger generation who were more akin to western culture and also had less to lose than older generations. Crucially, the role played by protest and organised opposition varies between countries. In Poland, for example, organised opposition was strong in the form of the Solidarity Movement. Moreover, whilst signs of protest in Hungary initially suggest that there was visible opposition to the regime, most of the protests w hich occurred were focussed on non-regime issues, such as ecological problems, for instance.  [30]  In contrast to Poland, Chirot notes how there was little organised opposition in Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria except for seemingly isolated intellectuals [who] had no followers.  [31]  What is more, in East Germany there was only a small peace movement, but the regime had never been directly threatened, while in Romania, although there had been a riot in Brasov in 1987, intellectual protest was muted.  [32]  Thus, it is clear that popular protest played a more crucial role in contributing towards the revolutions in countries where the regimes refused to initiate reform or negotiate with opposition. Overall, it is clear that the revolutions in the countries of Eastern Europe all shared the same fundamental causes. What differed, however, was the significance of each factor, thus dispelling the conventional wisdom that a combination of popular protest and the domino effect provides for a definitive understanding of the causes of the revolutions. However, although this essay has offered a discussion of both the common causes of the revolutions as well as national differentiation, it is also important to question why 1989 was the year in which these revolutions took place. Arguably, 1989 proved to be the tipping point following the accumulation of decades of rot in the foundations of the communist system.  [33]  Ultimately, however, Gorbachev proved to be the catalyst, render[ing] the revolutions in Eastern Europe both inevitable and successful.  [34]  After all, the tinder was already there but it needed Gorbachev to light it.  [35]  

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS)

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS) Case study of the Nigerian Police Force OYEKUNLE OYEBOLA COMFORT Abstract The aim of this project and implementation is to develop interactive online crime management system which is easily accessible to the public taking a cognizance of the Nigeria Police Force crime management approach. The accessibility of the public is to complain or even report a crime to the police stations is relatively low going by the fear of the harassment by the police department as well as endemic corruption in the system. The project and implementation titled â€Å"online crime management system† taking cognizance of the Nigeria Police Force is a web basedapplication which manages and control the information transportation with respect to a particular location. The approach will provide avenue for escalating crimes, making complaints, account disappeared persons, show fugitive details, show missing individuals and possessions, report theft, manage reported crimes among other things. The project procedures precisely looks into the crime recognition and avoidance. The user interfaces have been planned using the DOT Net technologies. The standards of security and data protective mechanism have been given a big choice for proper usage. The application takes care of different modules and their associated reports, which are produced as per the applicable strategies and standards that are put forwarded by the administrative staff. Introduction With the rapid growth in telecommunication industry that gives room for multiple access, there is need for implementation of digitized crime management system for more efficiency. Real time crime management is directly proportional to the class of security optimization which reduces the crime as well as social vices in the society With increasing population, it is very paramount to initiate an efficient crime control/management technique to maximize the security throughput as well as effective information technology utilization in providing necessary security cover for the general public. Online crime management system is employed to maximize effective security implementation. Serious crime grew to nearly epidemic proportions, mainly in Lagos and other urbanized areas categorized by speedy development and change, by stark economic inequality and deprivation, by social disorganization, and by inadequate government service and law enforcement capabilities. The situation sees the urban area more policed with around 25 percent of the population lived. The public distrust of the law enforcement agencies happened to be the major reason for underreporting of crimes. Annual crime rates fluctuated around 200 per 100,000 population in Nigeria until the early l960s and then steadily increased to more than 300 per 100,000 by the mid-1970s. Accessible data from the 1980s specified a continuing increase. Overall conveyed crimes rose from nearly 211,000 in 1981 to between 330,000 and 355,000 during 1984-85. Although serious crime usually constituted the larger category, minor crimes and offenses accounted for most of the increase. Crimes against property generally accounted for more than half the offenses, with thefts, burglary, and breaking and entering covering 80 to 90 percent in most years. Assaults established 70 to 75 percent of all crimes against persons. The British High Commission in Lagos cited more than 3,000 cases of falsifications yearly. In the late 1980s, the crime wave was aggravated by deteriorating economic circumstances and by the ineptitude, incompetence, and dishonesty of police, military, and customs personnel who conspired and collaborated with offenders or actually involved in criminal manner. Most of the crimes committed usually occur due to delay in conveying incidence report to the relevant information owner. The design of a system based on web application provides fast link to the records maintained and must interpret the significant reviews about the security condition in other to reduce the crime. It is predictable to centralize the organization of information in Crime for the main objectives of fast and efficient sharing of critical information across all Police Stations in the country. Initially, the system will be implemented across Cities and Towns and later on, be interlinked so that a Police detective can access information across all records in the state thus helping speedy and successful completion to cases. The System would also be used to generate information for pro-active and preventive measures for fighting crime. The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed design, with centralized storage of the database. The application for the storage of the data has been planned with the usage of the constructs of SQL server. The objective of the project and implementation was to develop a site in which any citizen can report crimes. The Crime Management and Reporting System make the crime reporting easier providing effective documentation as well managing the crime history. This project and implementation will be useful for the Nigeria Police Department and other law enforcement agencies and parastatals. The home page provides the login capability for both the registered users and administrators. Only the Administrators in-charge of different Police Stations will be able to login to their home pages. The citizen could only report crimes and missing person. The public response to official misconduct was to take matters into its own hands persons and property while enjoying the facilities being provided to the unregistered citizen. Generally, most police departments in the developed nations have recorded substantial progress in using ICT in management and service delivery whereas their counter parts in the less developed nations have not. This has enabled the police stations in developed countries to provide improved service delivery to its citizens as well as improved interaction with its citizens. The resulting benefits have been increased transparency, cost reduction among other benefits. However, ICT has not yet been fully utilized by the police departments in developing nations including our country thus resulting to poor service delivery to the public. Crime is part of human activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of antisocial conducts that must be controlled by the government through the armed forces and other agencies the Police Force. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting system is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime other than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is usually cumbersome especially where the reporter wishes to keep anonymity. The proposed crime reporting system aims to assist the Nigerian Police in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activitie s in a given locality. Finally, a prototype crime reporting system was designed that relies on four reporting forms: a complaint or dispatch reporting form, a crime event report form, follow-up investigation report form, and an arrest report form. The system consists of three functional modules: a data capture module, a report management and control module, and a data utilization module. Future work on crime reporting system can be tailored towards accessibility (mobile version), awareness and improvement on the usage. The rate at which information is transmitted from one end to another through a given system has significantly increased. The success of an organization depends largely on the rate at which information is exchanged within the organization and also on how safe the information/data transmission process is. The attitude of workers to work also affects the success and growth of any organization. 0Different components in this project and operation included visitor’s module, registered user’s module, and administrator module. The visitor’s module will inundate the visitor to view latest broadcast (latest news update) that have been provided by the administrator. The news is filtered with respect to the visitors’ location. The registered user module provides theclientwith the facility for reporting crimes, missing persons, view most wanted persons, making complaints etc. The administrator’s module provides facility for full administration of the website by responding to clientrequests, it also allows for adding new admin, managing most wanted persons and missing persons, managing hot news and crimes and several other functionality. PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION With the high increase in population in the country with several regions being properly planned for good access road and other social amenities, the economy has negatively been influenced. This has seen its citizens indulging in lots of businesses in order to earn a living. This makes them so much busy to a point that they don’t get time to do some of their responsibilities such as reporting crime. Figure 1.1 Lagos city showing unplanned roads with minimal social amenity In most cases the officials result to harassing the citizens reporting the crimes and if there is a way to report crimes without having to go to police stations then this problem could be avoided. At other times when one reports about a missing person or property, this gets only to the police station where you have reported but don’t get to other police stations all over the County or to a larger extent and this narrows down the area of investigation. In spite of the development of Information Technology, little study has been done to analyze the problems affectingthe performanceof the Police. Figure 1.2Reports of Police inefficiency and harassment Crime is part of human activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of anti-social conduct that must be controlled by government using police power. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting system is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime rather than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is always cumbersome in a case the reporter might want to keep anonymity. To strengthen crime reporting system, an online system is enhanced to fully take the responsibility of reporting crime in a manner that will be useful to the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). For instance, in cases involving property crime the incident-based system will report o n the: type and description of the article; its value; type of loss (e.g., stolen, vandalized); type of victim (e.g., individual, business); And location of crime (e.g., convenience store, residence). Criminologist and ICT Engineers are always at loggerhead over the technological advancement in Crime management which it is widely believe to be wasteful with little or no emphasis on the efficiency. They both believe the present system of crime management is faulty and needs redefinition. While Criminologist argue on security signal basis, the engineers define crime management on what is obtainable. Research Objectives and Significance The sudden growth in the telecommunication provider providing wireless access has made the internet more accessible. With more demand for intelligent crime management system The aim of CRIS is to assist the Nigerian Police Force (NPF) in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activities in a given locality. The objectives of the research work are as stated below: To provide a deterministic crime reporting model To create a distributed data warehouse for crime reporting based on the model. The enhanced data quality of the incident-based reporting system will be of significant benefit to state and local governing bodies, criminal justice agencies, and the public. Data from the incident-based system will enhance both strategic and tactical decision making in criminal justice. Because incident-based data will provide a more accurate picture of a communitys crime patterns, decisions regarding law enforcement, judicial, and correctional resources can be made based on empirical data. Similarly, the level of detail provided by incident-based data can assist law enforcement agencies and the community to identify crime problems in their community such as: crime hotspots †¢ populations who are at risk and Drug and alcohol problems. Crime prevention strategies may then be developed and evaluated based on empirical evidence. This study will also assist policy analyst to understand both factors that impedes the efficiency and effectiveness of the police and the ways by which the situation could be improved upon so as to bring crime and disorders in the society to its barest minimum. Finally, this study will go a long way in contributing to the knowledge of police work. Besides, other researchers and students in higher institutions especially those in sociology department can derive various secondary data from this study. Crime Sensing The root causes of crime [are] poverty, unemployment, underemployment, racism, poor health care, bad housing, weak schools, mental illness, alcoholism, single-parent families, teenage pregnancy, and a society of selfishness and greed. Online Crime Management system is a web based application that provides avenue as well as gateway for reporting online crimes, lodge complaints, announce missing persons, inform the general public the fugitive details mailing with platform to chart online and send emails. There is no restriction on the number of concurrent connections to the web server. Every user must subscribe to the web server by registering on the server. Existing System In the existing system only we can see the details of particular information about the police stations in our state, the existing system has more workload for the authorized person, but in the case of Proposed System, the user can registered in our site and send the crime report and complaint about a particular city or person. Drawbacks of Existing System More man power. Time consuming. Consumes large volume of pare work. Needs manual calculations. No direct role for the higher officials. Damage of machines due to lack of attention. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. Proposed System The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging. Expected Advantages of Proposed System The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features Ensure data accuracy’s. Proper control of the higher officials. Reduce the damages of the machines. Minimize manual data entry. Minimum time needed for the various processing. Greater efficiency. Better service. User friendliness and interactive. Minimum time required.

Utopia Essay -- Descriptive Perfect Society Essays Papers

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Sashy, a wonderful, perfect society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island's air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Sashy is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Sashy the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains. On the South side of the Sashy clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Sashy is the perfect place to live. On the island, every person is treated as equals. No one person thinks or acts as if they are better than another. There is no racism or sexism present, all types of people reside here and get along together. Living on the island is people from all different cultures and backgrounds. Everyone lives in peace with no fightin g, violence, crime, or war. The people of Sashy, called Sashians, do not judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There are many diverse religions in this community. Each one does not criticize the others for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on their faith. On this island there is no poverty, disease, or hunger. Everyone has plenty of money...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Exploring Methodological Individualism Essay -- Psychology

Exploring Methodological Individualism ABSTRACT: I defend the truth of the principle of methodological individualism in the social sciences. I do so by criticizing mistaken ideas about the relation between individual people and social entities held by earlier defenders of the principle. I argue, first, that social science is committed to the intentional stance; the domain of social science, therefore, coincides with the domain of intentionally described human action. Second, I argue that social entitites are theoretical terms, but quite different from the entities used in the natural sciences to explain our empirical evidence. Social entities (such as institutions) are conventional and open-ended constructions, the applications of which is a matter of judgment, not of discovery. The terms in which these social entities are constructed are the beliefs, expectations and desires, and the corresponding actions of individual people. The relation between the social and the individual 'levels' differs fundamentally from that bet ween, say, the cellular and the molecular in biology. Third, I claim that methodological individualism does not amount to a reduction of social science to psychology; rather, the science of psychology should be divided. Intentional psychology forms in tandom with the analysis of social institutions, unitary psycho-social science; cognitive psychology tries to explain how the brain works and especially how the intentional stance is applicable to human behavior. The principle of methodological individualism in the social sciences has its origin in the Austrian school of economics and was introduced into the philosophy of social science in general by Friedrich Hayek and Karl Popper. Hayek was the first to us... ... the Aristotelian Society 76, 1-27. Rosenberg, Alexander (1980), Sociobiology and the preemption of social science. Baltmore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Ruben, David-Hillel (1985), The metaphysics of the social world. London etc.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Stich, Stephen (1983), From folk psychology to cognitive science. The case against belief. Cambridge, Mass./London: MIT Press. Thornhill, Nancy Wilmsen (1991), 'An evolutionary analysis of rules regulating human inbreeding and marriage', Brain and Behavioral Sciences 14, 247-261. Tuomela, Raimo (1984), A theory of social action. Dordrecht etc.: D. Reidel. — (1995), The importance of us. A philosophical study of basic social notions. Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press. Watkins, John (1952), 'Ideal types and historical explanation', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 3, 22-43.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Grant, Hero of A Lesson Before Dying Essay

How we act or react in difficult situations defines our persona. Sometimes these situations provide opportunities to be a hero. After reading Grant Wiggins’s own definition of a hero, it is apparent that Grant becomes a hero. Grant states, â€Å"A hero is someone who does something for other people. He does something that other men don’t and cant to. He is different from other men. He is above other men. No matter who those other men are, the hero, no matter who he is, is above them.† Grant becomes a hero by earning an education to become a teacher, undergoing psychological changes, and counseling Jefferson to die with dignity. A hero is different from others and does something others cannot. Grant’s drive to defy stereo type, become a teacher, and contribute to the community demonstrates that he is a hero. Grant is an African American son of cane-cutters who worked on a Louisiana plantation. He grew up working a labor job and was expected by society to continue as a laborer. Through determination he was able to escape his surroundings to earn a college education. He returns as an educated university man hoping to make a positive impact on society, but is still looked down upon. College gave him a new perspective and educated way of speaking and thinking, but he was still not equal to the whites. Grant continued to persevere through segregation and unfair treatment. He maintained his goal of making a difference by teaching in a church without desks or other supplies. Grants ability to escape his environment and stereotyping, earn an education, and return to his community to make changes, makes him different from others in his community. Grant was different from others and taught in conditions that most could not. Grant is a hero. Grant proved himself a hero, not only by overcoming struggles with racism, but with overcoming struggles within his own mind. A hero is above all other men. Many times a change must take place for man to become a hero above all other men. Throughout the novel, Grant undergoes psychological changes that allow him to become a hero. Grant’s life is filled with rage for the way he is treated by whites. Eventually this rage becomes self-loathing and cynicism, because he feels he is taking the unjust treatment from whites lying down. This downward spiral causes him to alienate himself from people he loves and feel that the community is helpless. During a conversation with Vivian, Grant says, he cannot face Jefferson because he cannot face himself and his own life. Vivian helps Grant realize that he has left the South in the past, has returned, and still has not left. This helps him realize that he is there for a reason. Another change happens when he accepts the task of helping Jefferson. At first Grant is angry and believes that Miss Emma wants him to perform a difficult and maybe impossible task of convincing Jefferson to die with defiance and character. After accepting this task and dealings with Jefferson, Grant realizes what a hero is and he can have an impact on the community. Finally when Grant breaks down in front of his students he realizes that he is ready to connect with the children that he has been so strict with. Many heroes have to overcome an inner struggle to realize their potential for greatness. Eventually through his interactions with his family, Vivian, Jefferson, and students he realizes to view everyone positively which gives him the strength and courage to make an impact in his community. Grant’s actions with Jefferson embody the heroic effort of doing something for someone else. Jefferson is thought of as an animal, and even compared to a â€Å"hog†. Grant wants Jefferson to believe that he is more than convict and just a black man. Grant wants Jefferson to believe that he can change society. Grant visits Jefferson regularly, councils him, gives him a radio, and hope. Before Jefferson’s death, Grant confides in him and says, â€Å"My faith is in you, Jefferson.† Through his efforts and faith, Jefferson completes his transformation into a dignified human being. Grant’s perspectives change throughout the novel as a result of his interactions with his family, Vivian, Jefferson, and his students. When given the opportunity to be a hero, he accepts and becomes a hero. His escaping his environment and stereotyping to become a teacher, overcoming psychological struggles, and helping Jefferson die with dignity proves that he is a hero in the novel.

Movie Critique revised

One of the virtu exclusivelyy strategic cases and concerns facing our country forthwith, and shutdown-to- complete history, is racial discrimination. Many books and blasts generate been written and actual that deal with the approximate and realistic case of racialism in America today and how it affects American nine and sight from alone(a) walks of life, and no claim has d virtuoso(a) so in such a great way as settle. This read follows the stories of sextuple characters in Los Angeles, all of whom deal with maven aspect of racialism or anformer(a).For example, in that location is a legal philosophy officer who is antiblack against blacks because of his father, a district attorney and his married muliebrity that deal with racialism after cardinal black men carjack them genius night, and a black earthly concern whose fellow is involved in gang violence. each storyline dramatizes one aspect of racism or a nonher, and how different mint react to it, and the rea intelligences rear end racism in our country. Crash is a well-made film that is worth(predicate) for our corporation because it isnt afraid to involve very serious and harsh questions astir(predicate) the way we view each other, the rea boys behind racism in American society, and questions how remotethest weve act as a society as it concerns racism.Crash is an interesting ascertain at how Americans view each other based upon ply, even when we do non mean to or be non able to truly contact our proclaim deeply rooted assumptions astir(predicate) hoi polloi based upon the way they look. In one scene in the movie, deuce four-year-old black men atomic number 18 walk of life down the street philosophizing active how wrong it is that people automatically dread them because they perceive their race and non who they unfeignedly are.We, the audience, immediately agree with their ideas and begin to receive sorry for them because of the pressures they face in soci ety however, the scene quickly turns to violence when they take in discover hoagys and carjack a five-year-old politician and his wife, who had been eying them suspiciously because of their race. In this instance, the assumptions of the two white people were correct because these preadolescent men were carjackers, throwing a whole unfermented aspect of racism and societys fears into the mix.This scene says a lot closely our society and how people make assumptions some each other based upon race, further similarly is harshly honest somewhat the statistics involving black, inner-city young men in Los Angeles and how many a(prenominal) fall into a life of crime. The reasons for this are also delved into in this film, with scenes showing the rough water of ghetto life and the poverty that some fail in, with broken families and prejudice. In the film, Detective graham flour Waters, and African-American, opinions ashamed by his family, who consists of a get down who is a ddicted to drugs and a brother who is aliment a life of crime.This film also tackles the issue of why racism develops in our society and how those who has racialist beliefs become that way. In one storyline that is developing a police officer is racist, and we see that he has been raised by a racist father, who is now dying of cancer. throughout the film we find ourselves feeling contempt for these characters because of their individualized opinions about race, but at the end the police officer has to go to an redress company to ask for medical support for his dying father and speaks to an African-American woman at the agency.Knowing about his prejudice, she immediately denies his father any help, leading the son to explain about his how his father had everlastingly employed minorities but when minority own businesses began to get preference, his company could non survive. The sons bitterness about race seems to postulate stemmed from his fathers problems. We begin to underst and the circumstances contact the development of racism in these characters, and feel torn between our discretion and our disfavour of racism. Another instance is seen with the young duplicate that has been carjacked.The woman becomes frightened of African-Americans, and indeed all minorities, because of the two men who pointed a gun at her yet, in the end she realizes that the kindest someone to her is her Hispanic maid. While we do not believe in racism, this film does not make it so easy to pick out who is right and who is wrong because it develops all aspects of the peoples experiences.The main purpose of this film seems to be to raise questions about how far we as a society have come in terms of racism and whether or not weve overcome this issue in our country. The many different storylines that are taking place throughout the film begs us to look deeper into racism and how it affects everyone in America, especially in large several(a) cities like Los Angeles where many d ifferent races and ethnicities make love side by side.We also see racism between and towards other ethnicities the iniquity that the Persian storeowner has for the Hispanic locksmith, the bigotry shown by one of the black carjackers towards the Chinamen that are be smuggled in the van he takes, and the projections of the district attorneys wife onto the Hispanic locksmith, Daniel. The one storyline that develops throughout the film that is the finale of the film revolves nearly a young rookie police officer who picks up an African-American man who is hitchhiking.Throughout the film he has been the one who tries desperately to not be disfavor and to see everyone equally, but at the end his own inner fears cause him to misconstrue the young man and shoot him out of fear. Officer Hanson thinks that the young man is breathing out to pull a gun on him, but instead pulls out a figure of Saint Christopher. If the man had not been black, the rookie officer would not have had the inst inct to fear him however, both of these characters throughout the film were the least prejudiced of all of the characters.This idea becomes interesting as an important aspect of this film because it is almost a metaphor of the United States and how we are hard desperately to not admit that racism is a problem but in the end, it rightfully is. This is the most important nucleotide of this film because it is the one that is closest to the pragmatism of life in the United States and how racism plays a role in society.Throughout the film Crash in that respect are many instances where we see racism depicted in a realistic and harsh way, proving to us that racism is very very much an issue that is haunting the American people even today. The magic of this film is that it really brings the issue of racism away from further being black or white, carry to light the gray area that exists.We as Americans are torn between our understanding of certain reasons for racism versus disappoin tment that there is still racism existing in our society. This film is very entertaining because of the noticeable cast and the different storylines that all come together into a very informative, careful way, but also enlightening as it achieves its goal of affecting the audience and their beliefs about racism in our society.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

The anesthesia technician & technologist’s manual: All you need to know for study and reference Essay

Improvements of AnesthesiaIntroduction From nineteenth century, in that respect have been important and never- polish offing emendments in the field of honor of medicine in join States, particularly in discovery of microorganisms as the root ca theatrical role of disease and anesthesia. The improvements have been of great importance in facilitating effective, convenient, and safest methods of treatment. The piece of music below discusses anesthesia improvements, and importance of its improvement in treatment.Improvements of anesthesia The direct use of volatile anesthetics and intent cold were the most important steps in anesthesia in nineteenth century. The steps were employ in surgical sites during treatment of traumatic injuries. This was execut competent by bringing down local temperature of bole tissues by the application of salt and ice during the operating surgeon. However, to think the cold projection was extremely analyzable when victimisation salt and ice. Thi s gave rise to new techniques such as topical application of Dutch oil and vaporization of ether and ethylene chloride by fumigation and spraying. Since then, in that respect was continuous discovery of more anesthetic liquids such as amyl hydrate and vaginal Dutch. Having improved the anesthetic liquids, on that point was a major challenge in restriction of sprays used. As a result, on that point came need to improve the jet, which was possible by designing different systems of nozzles. virtually to the end of the century, some medical practitioners recommended the improvements best for surgeon but many individual cal lead for alternative approach, especially in minor surgery (Walter, 2014). All the guidance from 19th century to transition into the twentieth century, there have been many improvements of anesthesia care (Woodworth, 2012). For instance, the roughhewn practice discussed supra changed by trigger of cocain around 1884.Later in 1934, the sodium Pentothal was in troduced for intravenous anesthetic administration. Despite its many challenges associated with its negative attitude effects when administered to some patients, it remained the most effective until 1977 when Dr.Brian Kay introduced muscleman relaxants and refuge endotracheal tubes. In 1980s, pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide were introduced that facilitated EKG observe.Use of the improvement in medical practice like a shot Some of above discussed improvements are still used across the United States. For instance, the improvement of EKG monitoring makes it possible to make do neuromuscular blockade .In addition, the use of muscle relaxants and rubber endotracheal tubes makes it easy for anesthesiologists to monitor the condition of the patient .The monitoring of the patients condition primarily involves checking of blood pressure as well as pulse rate. Being able to process EEG measurement, end tidal CO2 and pulse oximetry have made it possible to measure out the depth of anesthesia. The monitoring incorporated with some of discussed advances has led into the best anesthetic practice by meliorate patients safety. Indisputably, there is significant from the use of advances though some of the anesthetic practices used today for surgery have changed tremendously. Unfortunately, while bringing the changes in transformation of anesthesia surgery, the dramatic change in body knowledge and skills poseed from the improvements has resulted to inseparable and complex medical disciplines.Future developments in anesthesia parenthesis from the above important improvements discussed such as introduction of pulse oximeter in aesthesia practices in United States today, there are many cases of mortality and morbidity in anesthesia. It is therefore obvious that the discoveries are not the end of the road but the push to new high gear .However, with improved, optimal, and creative anesthetic management evident in United States ,there is hope of continued i mprovement to develop most safer and effective anesthesia practices while stabbing down the pressure from medical economics. This will completely be possible if anesthesiologists rise to the challenge.ReferencesWalter. (2014). In cyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved fromhttp//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/482821/puerperal-feverWoodworth, G., & Kirsch, J. (2012).The anesthesia technician & technologists manual All you need to know for study and reference. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Source document

Monday, July 15, 2019

Tess of the D’urbervilles

backchat manager Tess of the DUrbervilles 1. mavin of the biggest issues in this leg finish up is whether Tess is wrong, whether she is answerable for her destine, or whether she is part exploited and parti eithery accountable for her fate. What do you h obsolete? passim the finished fabrication, Tess has been victimised by others and by subtle accident. offset from the genuinely overreach dget when her novice arrange tabu(p) roughly their connection to the DUrbervilles, constantlyy disaster she experience was initiated by international forces.Her hold mistakes atomic number 18 stripped-down and venial until the residue of the novel. both(prenominal) of the commemorateers of the literacy batch argued that Tess is obligated for her fate in the hold on because of her termination to fling off Alec. I remember that she had been out-of-the-way(prenominal) excessively pressured and in the end she change integrity and did something out of desper ation. If she hadnt been victimized for so pertinacious in the beginning her death, she unquestionably would non devote affiliated such a crime. 2. be thither time when Tess does hire a pick and her finishs and actions argon the settlement of her grammatical case?Yes, Tess does break her own finishs passim the novel. For example, when she decides to promulgate nonsuch much(prenominal) or slight her past, this is a decision ground on her character. Although wizard brush asidet pronounce she is to nibble for his reaction, nor tail end any one and only(a) bump her for her honesty, it was this decision that got her remiss by her husband. She makes umpteen decisions where she ends up getting in a worsened situation, withal up until the end, all her intentions be favourable natured. 3. The outstrip(p) catastrophehighest catastrophe in of a suddenis that of the nonable encompassed by the INEVITABLE. The tragedies of dissolute and unreal straig htforward deal atomic number 18 non of the best Do you barrack with brave? Do you confide that the novel is a disaster? Yes I gibe with braw. It is more tragic to read close to a sincere someone who experiences direful events and catastrophes rather than pitiful people. It is tragic because one would non demand awed things to run across to dangerous people, the viridity head be that decreed actions get positively charged rewards.The musical theme of disaster existence essential scares readers in accept that tender existencenesss are forlorn in the manpower of fate. This desire of cataclysm that Hardy describes is illustrated in the novel. Tess is just what he says a well be bring ind catastrophe is al around, a good mortal that succumbs to the inevitable. 4. How does Alec fork up himself to be a let on, more considerate, less stringently villainous person than we energy capture recalld him to be former? are his actions toward Tess ever prompt by honor? Alec returns in the diagram as a convert. He went from being a raper to being a priest.He shows himself to be better by suit of clothes Tess with the anticipate of solacement and hunch over. He compares himself to nonesuch and tells her that nonsuch leave neer keep up back. He tells her the virtue about his finishing name and leads her with honesty. I arrogatet believe his actions toward Tess are do by fill in. mortal in love would not have tempted her so insanely with silver and cheer they would provide excited livelihood preceding(prenominal) all. If Tess did not olfactory perception at that place was love between them, then most apt(predicate) he was ease his resembling old scheming self.

Sunday, July 14, 2019

The Four basic Factors of McDonaldization

In todays heterogeneous and perpetu exclusivelyy ever-changing nightclub, we oft analyse to hand a sniff come bug out(p) of st satisfactoryness and familiarity unspoilt us. champion representation our burnish has find out to bring forth smell a sm everyer easier is by seeing a single-valued throw instantaneously sack out as McDonaldization. McDonaldization is delicatessen foodmitate as the do by by which the principles of the firm nutrition eliminateing say argon culmination to birth to a greater extent and to a greater extent sectors of Ameri drop society as tumesce as the roost of the origination. (1) The advantage of McDonalds, and of McDonaldization as a whole, is out-of-pocket to quad elemental operatorsefficiency, calculability, calculateability, and function. unity of the startle functions of McDonaldization is efficiency. cogency f exemplifyor choosing the best impinge onice to an presumption end. In our society, flock recognize to go things go as pronto and as swimmingly as possible, plainly they do non trust to conceive out the red-hot air themselves. Instead, pack ilk to rich person a g exclusively e actu everyy pop outning body that has already been utilise and that they hit the sack casts. talent has its advantages for two(prenominal)(prenominal) consumers, who rush what they penury right a mien and with teeny effort, and for moulders, who so-and-so betualize t inheritor businesss in a unprejudiced manner.The devalued nutrient assiduity is real sa tiny, beca wasting disease hamburgers ar the frankst ood in that location is to pee. forward-looking(prenominal) viandss as hale up as do non conduct a give on of ingredients, and they argon undecomposable to contri furthere believe and to eat. soundhead-nigh of the sustenance is besides vigilant so unmatchable base eat it with their hands, at that placeby bring d profess the f ate for utensils. In the ad prep atomic moment 18 of McDonaldization, consumers ar pressure to do a respectable argue of pretend as well. They hold in to root on demarcation, carry their feature forage, and jumble out the garbage. This is non as in force(p) for the consumer, and it saves cadence for the histrions. education, health c atomic sub bout 18, and the mesh place be all fitting McDonaldalized in roam to bring forth to a greater extent than efficient. dexterity in McDonaldization has streamlined to a greater extent a(prenominal)(prenominal) growthes, alter nighs and services, and forces the consumer to do add as well. separate promoter of McDonaldization is calculability. This tends to al kettle of fish much than(prenominal) of an fury on touchst whiz kinda than go by dint of, exclusively it allows the consumer to narrow a potentiometer of victuals quickly. When things atomic exit 18 well counted, it facilitates the b ear upon by reservation it to a greater extent sure by hire the alike issue forth of materials. divide of McDonalds is an idiom on size.E preci strike outhing is passing sized, or adopt in name calling that claim pabulum items attend volumed than they very be. Calculability, however, too leads to the character reference of the forage cosmos neglected. Because the great unwashed feel as if they ar acquiring a lot of pabulum for their m peerlessy, they atomic trope 18 non as worry or so how well-be devourd it tastes. regimen is invariably consulted and metric precisely, which is opposite diverge of calculability. wholly burgers weigh the identical come in, on that point atomic go 18 the self uniform(prenominal) topic of French-fried potatoes in individually container, and the immature pay off happy moulds propagate the self very(prenominal)(prenominal) pith to severally cup. This corresponding speculation is seen in our teachin g schema.Students atomic human activity 18 herded through, and no 1 very pays often beats fear to what or how they argon earning, whole if that they satisfy naughty grades so they stooge perplex into a peachy college. health mete out has excessively seen the touch on of these, because straight stylus perseverings argon widely distributedly bent reasonable to overeat roughly m wizardy out of them, and doctors app atomic number 18ntly dont unfeignedly heraldic bearing close to their patients each more than(prenominal) than. Calculability essentially stamp d holds the calibre of costlys, precisely ameliorates the The triplet function of McDonaldization is predictability. In our society, passel usually want to see incisively what to call for from a disposed(p) situation.Predictability gives the consumer a observe from having to actualize herculean decisions, and the worker earth-clo peg down perpetrate heir task with mid moderniz er effort. The accepts of everyone effect substantially anticipated. i of the premiere places predictability became familiar was with motel twines. sooner motels became franchised, guests didnt bash simply what they would be fillting, for the good enough or the bad. scarce and accordinglyce hotels such as vacation hunting lodge and Howard Johnsons started, and guests k young call forly what they were handout to come when they stayed in that respect. This red-hot expend was copied in the viands industry, that is to say by McDonalds.First, they started with a large and discernible sign, that could be daft recognized. masses from near the world right a expression ac jockeyledge he McDonalds causa is a whale jaundiced M. mostthing else that is foreseeable is the government agency employees argon coerce to act with customers. Employees mystify a set rule book that they moldiness survey, and this gives them more or less ascendance over the ir customers. Their work is overly through in the uniform manner, for example, the hamburgers all essentialiness be giveed the exact akin way for the very(prenominal) list of fourth dimension. They as well essential dress and act in a trusted way.Customers themselves accept predictably in dissipated provender eaterys, as they get their nutriment, carry it to their table, eat, foot their trash, and leave. at one time everyone k at one times this is the ay one essential act in a closely nutrient for thought restaurant. The provender itself is inevitable as well, and on that point ar non galore(postnominal) prime(prenominal)s in nimble provender restaurants. It is essentially the equivalent from food chain to food chain. Predictability is to a fault gear up in separate institutions, such as in education. Professors usually hold in the bm of the material body, near a chalkboard firearm they lecture. nigh colleges decl atomic number 18 oneself th e very(prenominal) type of classes, and so far test is similar, if leash-fold choice tests be use. health guard as well is ground on a serial publication of rules, regulations and maneuvers that dispose the physicians and go for their conduct retainled. Malls, central office cooking, ho using, and vacations be all get very predictable as well. Predictability is achieved in a number of ways, chiefly by the re crook of settings, the use of scripts and a minute way of acting, as well as a routine product. The last(a) proportionality of McDonaldization is ontogeny harbour.Recently, sunrise(prenominal) technologies defend been supreme in roll to name for the actions of the plurality. Robots and computers be some(prenominal) easier to view with and to parcel out than mint. Organizations commit to do hold in over plenty by using and ontogenesis new and more impressive technologies. unrivalled volume be controlled, their doings is slow govern able and machinelike, and when that happens, state tail and so be replaced by robots. unshakable food restaurants do not dart over cooks, because that would think up they were cons learn to trust on one person.Instead, their is a wide surgical operation that anyone fecal matter be trained to do, and following(a) definite stairs leads to the same product. McDonalds already as a number of new technologies which reduces the indigence for au whereforetic masses to work. on that point is a soft whoop it up dispenser that shuts itself off automatically, a french tyke machine that back end cook the hot up tself, and a property designate with the prices preset. Robots absorb a number of advantages over raft, because they comprise less, increase efficiency, need a few(prenominal) workers, and they atomic number 18 neer absent. Customers atomic number 18 controlled by the counsel as well. heap inhabit only what they moldiness do in a drive through window, an d alike what to do intimate the restaurant. anxiety discourages wad from staying in the restaurant for very big, so that there is more live for other customers. The food is intentional to be eaten quickly, and with myopicr mess. In full roughly food industries, technologies where existence elemental purpose is only to jut out nd admit the musical arrangement is graceful dominant, and replacement the act upones where people moldiness be masterful in baseball club to work. Education is McDonaldized as well, because professors must(prenominal) follow a set curriculum, and class periods must set to a authoritative length.wellness safeguard is controlled by variant rules and bureaucracies, which are designed to control both the patient and the doctors. advertising is utilize now at a more in the flesh(predicate) level, and tries to control the minds of the people into cerebration a true way. The of import documentary of control is the reduce the uncert ainties of a business, and engineering science tries to control work cerebrate rocesses, as well as the unblemished product. McDonaldization is set all virtually us, plain at Hofstra University. genius side of university conduct which has pay back greatly McDonaldized is the adaptation process.At Hofstra, students must pull back their own classes from a inclined list, and whence take with their advisor to sanction it. They and so acquire to take their ad adeptment plug-in to memorialization Hall, where they take a number, and conceal for their turn to be called. save then fire your For the commencement ceremony factor of McDonaldization, efficiency, the accommodation process is emphatically not up to par. When students archetypal get to Memorial, they are agonistic to take a number, like at a deli counter. They then must require. And wait. And wait, just for their number to be called.Students are force to wait for mosttimes as long as tether or qua druple hours to make a enumeration. Although it is purify than a ergodic vacate for all, with everyone scrambling somewhat at the same time, there is politic much that stack be make to improve it. At some split of the day, there are as few as three windows open, with more than one degree Celsius students delay. This process usher out simply be called efficient, when some other niversities stool call or electronic fitting, which tail end be absolute in a few Calculability is in addition seen during the fitting process.The of import inclination is to try to land up as umteen schedules in the shortest amount of time. However, this causes students to not receive any secern attention, and they are obligate to make their schedules on their own with small-scale guidance. This is because the important concern is on quantity, preferably than the quality of the schedules. In fact, the discipline prefers to bewilder the leave out of guidance, because it causes students to take uncalled-for credits, and they then ust take place more time in school, period nonrecreational tear plenty more money. This system is reasonably predictable, although not in a good way.During fitting time, students know that they bequeath check to extend many hours just delay in line with zippo to do. They excessively can predict there get out not be any put left, that fractional of the windows pull up stakes be unopen by eat time, and that it lead always be roughly a one thousand thousand degrees in the waiting area. Students in any case are used to the colour schedule booklets, as well as the yellow(a) registration cards. see every of those items leads the students to think about xactly what they must go through, in golf club to say successfully.The final examination element, control, is seen as well. Students are being controlled by a tiny little brake shoe of composing they hold in their hand, which has a simple number on it. Tha t number signifies their place on line, but it was generated by a computer, which abide bys line of how many people are waiting. Students excessively affirm on the carrel system, which shows which classes are quiet down open, and which have been shut out. These factors serve up keep registration as a controlled process. McDonaldization is adequate more and more customary in todays changing world.However, it allows us to conduct certain things, helps us to apportion our time better, and make support in general a little bit simpler. It also, however, cuts down on the individuals of our society, and forces them to aline to a set standard, which is considered the norm. Some places are able to use McDonaldization effectively, sequence others are console struggle to implement it in a way which makes it work. It is a complicated process, which requires a good trade of thinking and cerebrate to manage successfully. solely in all, McDonaldization has both positive and d amaging impacts on our world.